Table 3 Table showing the breakdown of demographics, radiological parameters and outcome scores for patients who underwent BKP and those treated with TLSO alone. It can be seen that there is no significant difference between demographics between groups, but that patients who underwent BKP had a significantly higher presentation VASB score than patients treated non-operatively. Post treatment patients treated with BKP had a better EQ-5D score than those treated with TLSO alone

Age

65.2 ± 10.7 years

65.6 ± 12.4 years

p = 0.845

Gender:

p = 0.738

 Male

53 (63.1 %)

57 (60.6 %)

 Female

31 (36.9 %)

37 (39.4 %)

Disease status:

p = 0.670

 Newly diagnosed

62 (73.8 %)

72 (76.6 %)

 Relapsed

22 (26.2 %)

22 (23.40 %)

Chain Isotype:

p = 0.989

 IgG

41 (48.8 %)

49 (52.1 %)

 IgA

12 (14.3 %)

10 (10.6 %)

 Light chain

12 (14.3 %)

17 (18.1 %)

 Other

5 (5.9 %)

4 (4.3 %)

 Missing

14 (16.7 %)

14 (14.9 %)

Time from diagnosis to presentation

232 days (98–996 days)

141 (55–992 days)

p = 0.349

Number of patients who died

6 (7.14 %)

14 (14.9 %)

p = 0.103

Radiological parameters

 Number of fractures per patient

3 fractures (2–5 fractures)

3 fractures (1–5 fractures)

p = 0.282

 Thoracic Kyphosis (TK)

56.4° ± 18.5°

53.2° ± 19.4°

p = 0.289

 Lumbar Lordosis (LL)

47.2° ± 17.4°

48.6° ± 16.8°

p = 0.601

 Sagittal Vertical Axis (SVA)

58.7 ± 49.0 mm

49.6 ± 55.0 mm

p = 0.288

 Mid-thoracic Kyphosis (MTK)

36.9° ± 16.7°

38.8° ± 18.0°

p = 0.491

 Thoracolumbar Kyphosis (TLK)

22.6° ± 16.2°

18.9° ± 14.6°

p = 0.140

 SINS Score

13.0° ± 1.6°

12.4° ± 2.5°

p = 0.076

Patient reported outcome scores

 EQ-5D (presentation)

0.442 ± 0.220

0.463 ± 0.230

p = 0.526

 ODI (presentation)

51.0 ± 16.6

46.2 ± 19.0

p = 0.085

 VASB (presentation)

6.3 ± 2.3

5.5 ± 2.9

p = 0.031*

 EQ-5D (6 weeks post treatment)

0.593 ± 0.192

0.480 ± 0.240

p = 0.008*

 ODI (6 weeks post treatment)

42.6 ± 16.2

40.8 ± 22.1

p = 0.637

 VASB (6 weeks post treatment)

2.8 ± 2.3

3.5 ± 3.1

p = 0.135