Table 3 Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models evaluating risk factors for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in Southwestern Uganda

Female gender

REF

REF

Male gender

3.33 (1.69 – 6.55)

0.0001

3.65 (1.67 – 7.98)

0.001

Age category

 31 – 40

REF

REF

 41 – 50

9.84 (2.09 – 46.21)

0.004

12.95 (2.57 – 65.10)

0.002

 51 – 60

7.25 (1.53 – 34.28)

0.012

6.50 (1.32 – 31.90)

0.021

 61 – 70

8.59 (1.80 – 40.92)

0.007

7.26 (1.45 – 36.41)

0.016

 > 70

7.25 (1.46 – 36.10)

0.016

5.23 (0.99 – 27.69)

0.052

Substance use^a

 Never smoke and alcohol

REF

REF

 Smoking

2.93 (1.43 – 5.71)

0.003

1.38 (0.41 – 4.67)

0.600

 Alcohol

1.46 (0.76 – 2.82)

0.255

0.91 (0.32 – 2.64)

0.864

 Alcohol & smoking

3.49 (1.46 – 8.34)

0.005

1.93 (0.32 – 11.42)

0.471

Rapid urease test positivity

0.23 (0.05 – 0.97)

0.046

-

-

HIV infection

3.68 (0.49 – 27.64)

0.205

-

-