Fig. 4

The ketogenic diet significantly enhances tumor-reactive CD8+ T cell and NK cell activity. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) isolated from gliomas from mice fed KD versus SD were cultured alone (white bar) or in the presence of GL261-Luc2 tumor cells (black bar) to access activity. Analysis of IFNγ, TNF and IL-2 production in tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells was performed (a). Cytotoxic capability of CD8+ T cells isolated from tumors was assessed following exposure to GL261-Luc2 cells (b). IL-10-production in CD4 + FoxP3+ T regulatory cells was also assessed in response to stimulation with GL261-Luc2 cells (c). IFNγ and TNF production in the infiltrating NKp46 + CD3- natural killer cells isolated from tumors were assessed (d). N = 5; student’s two-tailed t-test between the antigen-challenged SD and KD groups only; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001