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Table 2 Odds ratio (OR) for cases and controls according to hair dyes use and regular exercise

From: Hair dye use, regular exercise, and the risk and prognosis of prostate cancer: multicenter case–control and case-only studies

 

Cases

 

Controls

 

Crude OR (95 % CI)

AOR (95 % CI)a

AOR (95 % CI)b

Variables

N = 296

N = 296

 

N

(%)

N

(%)

Hair dyes

       

 No

197

(66.6)

231

(78.0)

1.00

1.00

1.00

 Yes

95

(32.1)

64

(21.6)

1.74 (1.21–2.53)*

1.86 (1.21–2.82)*

2.15 (1.32–3.57)*

 Missing

4

 

1

 

4.69 (0.69–92.10)

5.03 (0.73–98.83)

5.40 (0.76–108.02)

Age of first use (yrs)

       

 Never

197

(66.6)

231

(78.0)

1.00

1.00

1.00

 ≥60

24

(8.1)

21

(7.1)

1.34 (0.72–2.49)

1.23 (0.63–2.39)

1.52 (0.71–3.30)

 50- < 60

28

(9.5)

21

(7.1)

1.56 (0.86–2.87)*

2.19 (1.08–4.60)*

2.64 (1.16–6.36)*

 <50

29

(9.8)

16

(5.4)

2.13 (1.14–4.11)*

2.32 (1.21–4.61)*

2.25 (1.01–5.19)*

 Missing

18

 

7

 

3.02 (1.28–7.89)

2.70 (1.04–7.86)

4.29 (1.32–16.72)

 P for trend

    

<0.01

<0.01

<0.01

Years of use (years)

       

 Never

197

(66.6)

231

(78.0)

1.00

1.00

1.00

 ≤10

40

(13.5)

35

(11.8)

1.34 (0.82–2.20)

1.49 (0.87–2.59)

1.57 (0.82–3.03)

 >10

37

(12.5)

22

(7.4)

1.97 (1.13–3.50)*

2.10 (1.15–3.92)*

2.54 (1.23–5.41)*

 Missing

22

 

8

 

3.22 (1.46–7.87)

3.23 (1.36–8.52)

5.43 (1.82–20.13)

 P for trend

    

0.02

<0.01

<0.01

Frequency of use (times per year)

       

 Never

197

(66.6)

231

(78.0)

1.00

1.00

1.00

 ≤6

41

(13.9)

32

(10.8)

1.50 (0.91–2.49)

1.64 (0.95–2.85)

1.73 (0.91–3.32)

 >6

35

(11.8)

25

(8.4)

1.64 (0.95–2.86)

1.97 (1.07–3.69)*

2.65 (1.26–5.78)*

 Missing

23

 

8

 

3.37 (1.53–8.19)

2.82 (1.23–7.08)

3.85 (1.41–11.74)

 P for trend

    

0.02

<0.01

<0.01

Year of first use

       

 No

197

(66.6)

231

(78.0)

1.00

1.00

1.00

 After 1980

5

(1.7)

3

(1.0)

1.95 (0.47–9.62)

1.25 (0.23–6.83)

0.89 (0.11–5.90)

 Before 1980

76

(25.7

55

(18.6)

1.62 (1.09–2.41)*

1.87 (1.21–2.90)*

2.16 (1.28–3.68)*

 Missing

18

 

7

 

3.02 (1.28–7.89)

2.71 (1.04–7.89)

4.32 (1.33–16.87)

Regular exercise

       

 No

126

(42.6)

120

(40.5)

1.00

1.00

1.00

 Yes

166

(56.1)

168

(56.8)

0.93 (0.67–1.28)

0.99 (0.69–1.43)

1.01 (0.64–1.59)

 Missing

4

 

8

 

0.48 (0.02–5.03)

none

1.03 (0.66–1.62)

Frequency of exercise (times per week)

       

 No

126

(42.6)

120

(40.5)

1.00

1.00

1.00

 1-6

56

(18.9)

65

(22.0)

1.22 (0.79–1.89)

0.94 (0.58–1.53)

1.01 (0.55–1.86)

 ≥7

110

(37.2)

103

(34.8)

0.98 (0.68–1.42)

1.02 (0.68–1.54)

0.97 (0.58–1.62)

 Missing

4

 

8

 

0.48 (0.12–1.55)

1.57 (0.25–12.15)

0.97 (0.11–8.50)

  1. Abbreviation: AOR: adjusted OR; OR: odds ratio; PC: prostate cancer
  2. aAdjusting for age, and family history of PC, bAdjusting for age, marital status, blood type, education, family history of PC, cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking and betel nut chewing
  3. *P-value < 0.05