Fig. 2

VEGF-D mRNA transcription and protein expression in three GBC cell lines after treatment with TNF-α. GBC cells (NOZ, GBC-SD, and SGC-996) were treated with varying concentrations of TNF-α (10, 20, 50 and 100 ng⁄ mL) for 12 or 24 h. The VEGF-D mRNA and protein levels were measured by real-time PCR (a, b) and ELISA (c), respectively, and increased in a dose- and time-dependent manner in NOZ and GBC-SD cell lines but not SGC-996 cells. (*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001)