Fig. 1

Characterization of cell death caused by the combination of bicalutamide and vorinostat. LNCaP cells (2 × 10⁴ cells per well in 24-well plates) were cultured in triplicate wells with either vehicle control [VEH] bicalutamide [BIC] (2.5 μM) or vorinostat [VOR] (1 μM), individually and in combination [BIC + VOR], in RPMI 1640 supplemented with 10 % FBS. VCaP cells (5 × 10⁴ cells per well in 24-well plates) were cultured in triplicate wells with bicalutamide (1.25 μM) or vorinostat (0.5 μM), individually and in combination, in DMEM supplemented with sodium pyruvate, non-essential amino acids and 10 % FBS. a LNCaP cells were counted at 2, 4 and 6 days of culture with bicalutamide and vorinostat, while VCaPs were counted at 4, 6 and 8 days of culture. b LNCaP cells were cultured with treatment one (1.) for 24 h, which was removed and replaced with treatment two (2.) for 48 h. (C) LNCaP cells were pre-treated for 1 h with cycloheximide (10 μM), and then cultured for 3 d with indicated treatments (HIGH BIC = 50 μM, HIGH VOR = 7.5 μM). d LNCaP cells were cultured with indicated treatments, and at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 16, or 24 h treatment medium was removed and replaced with normal culture medium not containing either agent until a total of 72 h of culture. At each end point, cells were counted using a haemocytometer, and assessed for viability using trypan blue dye exclusion. Cell death is expressed as a percentage of total cell number. Values indicated are the mean of triplicate wells ± SEM, and are representative of three independent experiments. * = p < 0.05 using one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post-hoc test