Fig. 1

a MTS assay showing the viability of lung CAFs after 72-h treatment with varying doses of pirfenidone. b Morphological analysis after 72 h of treatment with 1.5 mg/mL pirfenidone shows decreased cell numbers versus control. c Representative annexin V/PI flow cytometric analyses in lung CAFs after 48 h of treatment showing increased apoptosis in pirfenidone (1.5 mg/mL)-treated lung CAFs versus control. d Average of 3 independent annexin V/PI experiments in lung CAFs. e Active caspase 3/7 assay showing increased active caspase 3/7 in lung CAFs after 48 h of treatment with pirfenidone (1.5 mg/mL). *P < 0.05