Fig. 5

Effect of treatment of Caco-2 and HCT-116 cells for 48 h with subIC₅₀ concentrations of metformin, 5-ASA or the combination of both drugs on (a) IL-6 and (b) COX-2 gene expression levels. Fold change in levels of (c) NF-κB and (d) STAT3 transcription factors in Caco-2 and HCT-116 cells after 48 h of treatment with metformin, 5-ASA or their combination. All data are expressed as mean ± SD of 3 separate experiments. The statistical significance of the results was analyzed using one way ANOVA followed by Tukey-Kramer multiple comparison test. ^a Significantly different from control, ^b from metformin and ^c from 5-ASA (P <0.05)