Fig. 5

FRAX597 synergises with gemcitabine to inhibit proliferation. The effects of gemcitabine alone (Gem, solid bars), and gemcitabine after 20 h pre-treatment with FRAX597 (Gem + FRAX, striped bars), on proliferation of PANC-1 (a), MiaPaCa-2 (b), BxPC-3 (c), Pan02 (d), and LM-P (e) cells were assessed by thymidine incorporation. The concentration of FRAX597 used was based on the IC₅₀ value determined in Fig. 4a. The combination index (CI), calculated by the Chou-Talalay method, was used to determine the mechanism of action of FRAX597 and gemcitabine (f). A value < 1 indicates synergistic inhibition. The data represent mean ± SEM, summarised from three independent experiments. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, compared to control or untreated cells. # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01, ### p < 0.001 compared to the corresponding gemcitabine treatment