Fig. 1
From: Low-power photodynamic therapy induces survival signaling in perihilar cholangiocarcinoma cells
Induction of survival signaling after PDT. PDT-mediated ROS production results in activation of (1) the immediate early gene response via activator protein 1 (AP-1), (2) the unfolded protein response in reaction to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, (3) the antioxidant response via nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NFE2L2), (4) the inflammatory response via activation of nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells (NF-кB), and (5) the hypoxia-induced stress response via hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α). Data and figure adapted from [10]