Fig. 2

Dox and AD198 induced ROS in human TCC cells. (a) T24 and (b) UMUC3 cells were treated with 1μM Dox and AD198 for 24 h and ROS levels were measured with dihydrogen-dichlorodihydro-fluoresceindiacetate assay; percent of ROS positive cells were measured and normalized to the control. Values represent mean ± S.E. of three independent experiments. Paired Student t- tests were used to compare Doxand AD198 treatments to controls, *p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001. Paired Student t-tests were used to compare among Dox and AD198 group at the same dose treatment; #p ≤ 0.05 and ##p ≤ 0.01