Male | Female | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
HR (95 % CI) | P value | HR (95 % CI) | P value | |
Lung diseases | ||||
 Tuberculosis | 1.24 (1.01–1.52) | 0.037 | 2.23 (1.17–4.25) | 0.015 |
 Asthma | 1.51 (1.35–1.69) | < 0.001 | 1.63 (1.16–2.27) | 0.005 |
 COPD | 1.39 (1.26–1.53) | < 0.001 | 1.78 (1.33–2.39) | <0.001 |
Low incomea | 0.96 (0.75–1.23) | 0.738 | 2.91 (1.80–4.68) | < 0.001 |
Age group | ||||
 20–39 | 0.09 (0.06–0.12) | < 0.001 | 0.10 (0.04–0.27) | < 0.001 |
 40–49 | Reference | Reference | ||
 50–59 | 3.47 (2.93–4.10) | < 0.001 | 3.73 (2.31–6.01) | < 0.001 |
 60–69 | 10.60 (9.04–12.43) | < 0.001 | 10.86 (6.80–17.33) | < 0.001 |
 70–79 | 17.1 (14.64–19.98) | < 0.001 | 14.19 (8.73–23.07) | < 0.001 |
 ≧80 | 9.61 (8.03–11.49) | < 0.001 | 14.97 (8.97–24.97) | < 0.001 |
Comorbidities | ||||
 Diabetes | 1.07 (0.96–1.18) | 0.226 | 1.24 (0.92–1.69) | 0.162 |
 Hyperlipidemia | 1.09 (0.98–1.21) | 0.100 | 0.84 (0.61–1.15) | 0.264 |
 Chronic kidney disease | 0.70 (0.55–0.89) | 0.003 | 0.90 (0.44–1.84) | 0.774 |
 Smoking-related cancersb | 1.35 (1.10–1.66) | 0.004 | 3.71 (2.12–6.49) | < 0.001 |