Male | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
HR (95 % CI) | P value | HR (95 % CI) | P value | |
Lung diseases | ||||
 Tuberculosis | 1.33 (1.19–1.50) | < 0.001 | 1.86 (1.57–2.19) | < 0.001 |
 Asthma | 1.13 (1.05–1.21) | < 0.001 | 1.18 (1.09–1.28) | < 0.001 |
 COPD | 1.50 (1.42–1.59) | < 0.001 | 1.33 (1.25–1.42) | < 0.001 |
Low incomea | 1.07 (0.94–1.22) | 0.322 | 1.18 (1.00–1.39) | 0.055 |
Age group | ||||
 20–39 | 0.15 (0.13–0.17) | < 0.001 | 0.15 (0.13–0.17) | < 0.001 |
 40–49 | Reference | Reference | ||
 50–59 | 2.45 (2.27–2.64) | < 0.001 | 2.17 (2.01–2.34) | < 0.001 |
 60–69 | 5.23 (4.85–5.63) | < 0.001 | 4.10 (3.80–4.44) | < 0.001 |
 70–79 | 8.15 (7.59–8.76) | < 0.001 | 5.93 (5.46–6.43) | < 0.001 |
 ≧80 | 5.61 (5.15–6.11) | < 0.001 | 4.03 (3.64–4.45) | < 0.001 |
Comorbidities | ||||
 Diabetes | 0.95 (0.90–1.01) | 0.106 | 0.95 (0.89–1.02) | 0.128 |
 Hyperlipidemia | 1.19 (1.12–1.26) | < 0.001 | 1.19 (1.12–1.26) | < 0.001 |
 Chronic kidney disease | 0.86 (0.76–0.98) | 0.019 | 0.84 (0.71–0.99) | 0.040 |
 Smoking–related cancersb | 1.46 (1.30–1.63) | <0.001 | 2.00 (1.71–2.35) | < 0.001 |