Table 6 Mean difference in the physical activity, diet and body composition outcomes from baseline to 8 weeks and 20 weeks, and p value for the difference in change between treatment groups for cancer survivors only (n = 108)

Mean daily steps (pedometer-assessed)

8 week

−1281 (-2349 to -214.2)

716.2 (-9.9 to 1442.4)

1997.6 (706.9 to 3288.4)

0.0108

20 week

−1278 (-2587 to 30.8)

123.9 (-1084 to 1331.6)

1401.9 (-379.0 to 3182.8)

Mean daily steps (with imputation of steps)

8 week

−1783 (-3200 to -366.2)

628.9 (-354.1 to 1611.9)

2411.9 (687.5 to 4136.4

0.0121

20 week

−2220 (-3874 to -565.3)

327.0 (-1285 to 1939.1)

2546.6 (236.7 to 4856.5)

Moderate-to-vigorous PA (minutes/week)

8 week

−1.8 (-33.4 to 29.7)

41.3 (-4.0 to 86.6)

43.2 (-12.0 to 98.4)

0.2064

20 week

5.1 (-32.8 to 43.0)

−10.2 (-36.7 to 16.3)

−15.3 (-61.5 to 31.0)

Resistance training (minutes/week)

8 week

18.6 (-0.4 to 37.5)

35.3 (14.8 to 55.8)

16.7 (-11.2 to 44.6)

0.403

20 week

12.0 (-14.0 to 38.0)

24.5 (9.2 to 39.8)

12.5 (-17.7 to 42.7)

Total sitting time on last WORK DAY, excluding sleep (minutes/day):

8 week

210.0 (-177.5 to 597.5)

3.5 (-138.7 to 145.7)

−206.5 (-619.3 to 206.2)

0.5880

20 week

154.4 (-5.22 to 313.9)

135.0 (-122.1 to 392.2)

−19.3 (-322.0 to 283.3)

Total sitting time on last NON-WORK DAY, excluding sleep (minutes/day):

8 week

125.5 (-137.3 to 388.3)

6.8 (-136.2 to 149.8)

−118.7 (-417.9 to 180.5)

0.1271

20 week

−104.1 (-290.5 to 82.3)

82.3 (-78.3 to 242.9)

186.4 (-59.6 to 432.5)

Fruit (excluding juice) (g/day)

8 week

−5.9 (-45.6 to 33.8)

37.5 (-7.2 to 82.1)

43.4 (-16.3 to 103.1)

0.1624

20 week

−7.8 (-38.0 to 22.4)

56.9 (-5.4 to 119.2)

64.7 (-4.5 to 133.9)

Vegetables (g/day)

8 week

5.6 (-12.3 to 23.5)

18.8 (-0.2 to 37.8)

13.2 (-12.9 to 39.3)

0.0422

20 week

−7.4 (-27.2 to .12.4)

31.8 (8.2 to 55.3)

39.2 (8.4 to 69.9)

Vegetables (serves/day)

8 week

0.1 (-0.2 to 0.3)

0.3 (-0.0 to 0.5)

0.2 (-0.2 to 0.5)

0.0422

20 week

−0.1 (-0.4 to 0.2)

0.4 (0.1 to 0.7)

0.5 (0.1 to 0.9)

Dietary fibre (g/1000 kJ)

8 week

0.1 (-0.03 to 0.3)

0.3 (0.1 to 0.4)

0.1 (-0.1 to 0.4)

0.2039

20 week

−0.03 (-0.2 to 0.1)

0.2 (-0.00 to 0.4)

0.2 (-0.04 to 0.5)

Energy (kJ/day)

8 week

−275 (-853 to 304)

−428 (-900 to 44)

−154 (-900 to 593)

0.7818

20 week

101 (-1027 to 1229)

−336 (-868 to 195)

−437 (-1685 to 810)

Total fat (g/day)

8 week

−3.5 (-10.7 to 3.7)

−7.4 (-12.4 to -2.4)

−3.8 (-12.6 to 4.9)

0.4710

20 week

1.3 (-11.7 to 14.4)

−6.8 (-12.2 to -1.5)

−8.2 (-22.2 to 6.0)

Saturated fat (g/day)

8 week

−1.6 (-4.3 to 1.0)

−3.5 (-5.6 to -1.4)

−1.8 (-5.2 to 1.5)

0.4082

20 week

−0.00 (-4.7 to 4.7)

−3.0 (-5.0 to -1.0)

−3.0 (-8.1 to 2.1)

Red meat (g/day)

8 week

12.8 (-0.3 to 25.9)

2.1 (-8.4 to 12.5)

−10.8 (-27.5 to 6.0)

0.4353

20 week

4.6 (-10.0 to 19.2)

3.4 (-5.7 to 12.4)

−1.3 (-18.4 to 15.9)

Processed meat (g/day)

8 week

−1.8 (-6.6 to 3.1)

0.3 (-2.2 to 2.7)

2.1 (-3.3 to 7.5)

0.7480

20 week

−2.3 (-9.9 to 5.3)

0.1 (-3.5 to 3.7)

2.4 (-6.0 to 10.8)

Alcohol (g/day)

8 week

−0.1 (-1.8 to 1.5)

−1.1 (-3.1 to 1.0)

−0.9 (-3.5 to 1.7)

0.5974

20 week

−1.2 (-3.5 to 1.1)

−1.3 (-3.7 to 1.1)

−0.1 (-3.4 to 3.2)

% of energy provided by alcohol (%)

8 week

−0.2 (-1.2 to 0.9)

−0.4 (-1.2 to 0.4)

−0.2 (-1.5 to 1.1)

0.9382

20 week

−0.4 (-1.6 to 0.9)

−0.4 (-1.5 to 0.6)

−0.1 (-1.7 to 1.5)

Weight (kgs)

8 week

0.1 (-0.5 to 0.7)

−0.8 (-1.4 to -0.3)

−0.9 (-1.7 to -0.1)

0.0723

20 week

−0.1 (-1.0, 0.7)

−1.3 (-2.3 to -0.3)

−1.2 (-2.5 to 0.1)

BMI (kg/m²)

8 week

0.04 (-0.2 to 0.3)

−0.3 (-0.5 to -0.1)

−0.3 (-0.6 to -0.05)

0.0637

20 week

−0.03 (-0.3 to 0.3)

−0.5 (-0.9 to -0.1)

−0. 5 (-0.9 to 0.02)

Waist circumference (cm)

8 week

−2.0 (-4.7 to 0.8)

−2.9 (-5.3 to -0.4)

−0.9 (-4.6 to 2.8)

0.6287

20 week

−2.3 (-4.6 to 0.1)

−1.4 (-5.6 to 2.9)

0.9 (-4.0 to 5.7)