Controls | Unilateral cases (n = 165) | Bilateral cases (n = 87) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(N = 136) | Crudea | Adjustedb | Crudea | Adjustedb | |||
N (%) | N (%) | OR | OR (95 % CI) | N (%) | OR | OR (95 % CI) | |
Maternal history of stillbirth | 1 (0.7) | 5 (2.7) | 4.8 | 2.1 (0.2, 20.9) | 2 (2.1) | 4.1 | 2.9 (0.2, 49.8) |
Order of index pregnancy | |||||||
First pregnancy | 55 (38.2) | 60 (32.6) | 1.0 | Referent | 33 (35.1) | 1.0 | Referent |
Second pregnancy | 39 (27.1) | 57 (31.0) | 1.4 | 1.4 (0.8, 2.7) | 32 (34.0) | 1.6 | 1.8 (0.8, 3.8) |
Third and above | 50 (34.7) | 67 (36.4) | 1.3 | 1.2 (0.7, 2.2) | 29 (30.9) | 1.1 | 1.2 (0.6, 2.4) |
Order of index child | |||||||
First child | 71 (49.3) | 86 (46.7) | 1.0 | Referent | 46 (49.5) | 1.0 | Referent |
Second child | 40 (27.8) | 68 (37.0) | 1.5 | 1.6 (0.9, 2.8) | 27 (29.0) | 1.2 | 1.3 (0.6, 2.7) |
Third and above | 33 (22.9) | 30 (16.3) | 0.8 | 0.7 (0.4, 1.4) | 20 (21.5) | 1.1 | 1.1 (0.5, 2.5) |
Ever breastfed index child | 120 (85.1) | 137 (74.9) | 0.5 | 0.5 (0.2, 0.9) | 74 (79.6) | 0.6 | 0.7 (0.3, 1.6) |
Breastfeeding duration | |||||||
None or <1 month | 25 (18.7) | 47 (28.5) | 1.0 | Referent | 19 (24.4) | 1.0 | Referent |
1–6 months | 66 (49.3) | 67 (40.6) | 0.5 | 0.5 (0.3, 0.9) | 36 (46.2) | 0.7 | 0.8 (0.3, 1.8) |
7–11 months | 21 (15.7) | 16 (9.7) | 0.4 | 0.3 (0.1, 0.8) | 7 (9.0) | 0.4 | 0.6 (0.2, 1.8) |
12+ months | 22 (16.4) | 35 (21.2) | 0.8 | 1.0 (0.4, 2.2) | 16 (20.5) | 1.1 | 1.0 (0.3, 2.7) |
Gave index child formula while breastfeeding | 68 (58.1) | 78 (56.9) | 1.0 | 0.9 (0.5, 1.5) | 38 (54.3) | 0.8 | 0.7 (0.4, 1.5) |
Mother’s BMI at the start of pregnancy | |||||||
Underweight (BMI:<18.5) | 5 (3.5) | 10 (5.4) | 1.9 | 2.6 (0.7, 9.4) | 8 (8.4) | 3.8 | 4.5 (1.0, 20.1) |
Normal (BMI: 18.5- < 25) | 90 (62.1) | 101 (54.9) | 1.0 | Referent | 50 (52.6) | 1.0 | Referent |
Overweight (BMI:25- < 30) | 31 (21.4) | 45 (24.5) | 1.3 | 1.2 (0.7, 2.3) | 20 (21.1) | 1.3 | 1.2 (0.5, 2.6) |
Obese (BMI: ≥ 30) | 19 (13.1) | 28 (15.2) | 1.4 | 1.1 (0.5, 2.5) | 17 (17.9) | 1.6 | 1.0 (0.4, 2.5) |
Weight gain in pregnancy | |||||||
Low weight gain | 23 (17.0) | 26 (14.7) | 0.9 | 0.8 (0.4, 1.8) | 12 (13.0) | 0.8 | 0.8 (0.3, 2.0) |
Normal weight gain | 51 (37.8) | 64 (36.2) | 1.0 | Referent | 34 (37.0) | 1.0 | Referent |
High weight gain | 61 (45.2) | 87 (49.2) | 1.1 | 1.1 (0.6, 1.8) | 46 (50.0) | 1.0 | 0.8 (0.4, 1.6) |
Father’s BMI at the start of pregnancy | |||||||
Underweight (BMI:<18.5) | 1 (0.7) | 2 (1.2) | 2.8 | 2.2 (0.1,34.6) | 2 (2.2) | 3.2 | 3.1 (0.2, 47.5) |
Normal (BMI: 18.5- < 25) | 36 (25.7) | 33 (20.1) | 1.0 | Referent | 32 (35.2) | 1.0 | Referent |
Overweight (BMI:25- < 30) | 57 (40.7) | 84 (51.2) | 1.6 | 1.7 (0.9, 3.1) | 33 (36.3) | 0.7 | 0.7 (0.4, 1.5) |
Obese (BMI: ≥ 30) | 76 (32.8) | 45 (27.4) | 1.1 | 1.0 (0.4, 1.9) | 24 (25.4) | 0.6 | 0.6 (0.3, 1.3) |