Table 3 Factors associated with overall survival (OS) in canine invasive mammary carcinomas (n = 150)

Age

0.005

0.002

<11 yrs

1.00

-

1.00

-

≥11 yrs

1.66

1.17–2.37

1.79

1.24–2.60

Multifocality

0.04

0.96

Unifocal

1.00

-

1.00

-

Multicentric

1.89

1.01–3.54

1.02

0.51–2.04

Lymph node status

<0.001

N0

1.00

-

-

-

-

N1

3.53

1.79–6.93

Histological grade

0.006

0.53

Grade I

1.00

-

-

1.00

-

-

Grade II

1.67

0.93–2.99

0.09

1.33

0.70–2.53

0.38

Grade III

2.37

1.35–4.18

0.003

1.42

0.77–2.62

0.26

Lymphovascular invasion

<0.001

0.01

No LVI

1.00

-

1.00

-

LVI

2.53

1.78–3.60

1.71

1.14–2.56

Surgical margins

<0.001

0.006

Complete excision

1.00

-

1.00

-

Incomplete excision

2.32

1.62–3.33

1.81

1.18–2.75

Muscle infiltration

0.001

0.77

No

1.00

-

1.00

-

Yes

1.86

1.27–2.71

1.07

0.70–1.63

Peritumoral Inflammation

0.02

0.04

No

1.00

-

1.00

-

Yes

1.53

1.08–2.17

1.53

1.03–2.29

ER

0.03

≥ 10 %

1.00

-

-

-

-

< 10 %

1.48

1.04–2.11

Immunophenotype

0.03

0.17

Luminal

1.00

-

1.00

-

Triple negative

1.54

1.05–2.26

1.34

0.88–2.04

IGF1R

<0.001

0.002

weak (0–1+)

1.00

-

-

1.00

-

-

moderate (2+)

1.31

0.81–2.10

0.27

1.40

0.85–2.33

0.19

strong (3+)

2.62

1.63–4.20

<0.001

2.74

1.63–4.62

0.002