Fig. 2From: Aberrant activation of NF-κB signaling in mammary epithelium leads to abnormal growth and ductal carcinoma in situExpression of cIKKβ in transplanted mammary epithelium results in intraductal hyperplasia. Mammary tissue from 3–4 week old IKMV donors was transplanted into the cleared fat pad of the #4 mammary gland of 3 week old FVB recipients. Tissue from control littermates was transplanted into the contralateral #4 gland. After a 72 h recovery period, mice were placed on dox treatment (2 g/L), which was continuous until sacrifice at 3 or 4 weeks post-transplant. a Haematoxylin stained whole mounts of mammary fat pads after 3 weeks of growth in recipient mice reveal increased lateral branching of IKMV tissue. b Higher magnification highlights swollen end buds in IKMV. Hyperplasia of the IKMV ducts is evident in images of H&E stained tissue using c 10X and d 20X objectives. e Whole mounts of mammary tissue after 4 weeks of growth indicate that IKMV tissue continues to fill fat pad with hyperplastic tissue. The observed phenotype was quantitatively assessed through: f quantification of terminal end bud (TEB) size (n = 5 control, n = 6 IKMV glands, **p = 0.0071) g quantification of the number of lateral branch points per field (n = 4 control, n = 4 IKMV glands, *p = 0.0416)Back to article page