Table 3 Methods and applications to change the determinants of the performance objective “Manage daily tasks efficiently”
Determinant | Theoretical methods | Practical applications |
|---|---|---|
Knowledge | Chunking | Advice provided is divided in several topics and is summarized when participants make their own planning. |
Elaboration | After providing advice, personally relevant messages encourage participants to incorporate this advice with their situation. | |
Cues | Cues are provided that help saying “no” to a request and to recognize when personal limits are exceeded. | |
Awareness | Consciousness raising | Cancer survivors are encouraged to register their daily activities for five to seven days. After registration, survivors are given advice on effectively planning their day, asked to compare their plan with the advice received, and encouraged to adjust their plan to meet this advice. |
Self-monitoring of behavior | ||
Attitude | Arguments | Cancer survivors are given arguments why efficiently planning daily activities is beneficial for reducing fatigue, why guarding personal boundaries is important, and why saying “no” to some requests is important. |
Skills and Self-Efficacy | Active learning | Cancer survivors are encouraged to make their own weekly plan using the advice given. |
Action planning | Cancer survivors are encouraged to make a list of personal signals indicating that limits are exceeded and select adequate measures for each signal. | |
Cancer survivors are encouraged to make their own action plan for when they are in a situation in which they want to say “no” to a request. | ||
Perceived Behavior of Others | Modeling | Cancer survivors are provided with narratives of other survivors who are further along in their recovery process. In these narratives the importance and effectiveness of planning daily activities, setting personal boundaries, and saying “no” to others is explained. |
Outcome Expectations | Persuasive communication | By providing information from different sources (e.g., peers) on managing daily activities and by making assignments, cancer survivors are encouraged to expect that fatigue can be dealt with when taking adequate measures. |
Active learning | ||
Modeling |