Table 5 Main group effects

Tilt-Table HR Differences

Baseline

56.39 ± 3.02

73.07 ± 2.88

16.7 (8.0 to 25.4)

0.001

0.46

Tilt 1

75.9 ± 4.09

93.48 ± 3.90

17.6 (5.8 to 29.4)

0.006

0.34

Tilt 2

78.6 ± 4.09

95.2 ± 3.90

16.6 (4.8 to 28.4)

0.008

0.31

Tilt Total

77.26 ± 4.05

94.34 ± 3.87

17.1 (5.4 to 28.8)

0.007

0.33

Bike HR Differences

Baseline

69.85 ± 3.92

81.27 ± 3.92

11.4 (−0.2 to 23.1)

0.054

0.19

Warm-up

73.36 ± 4.42

84.53 ± 4.42

11.2 (−1.9 to 24.3)

0.09

0.15

Loading

78.99 ± 4.27

88.59 ± 4.27

9.6 (−3.1 to 22.3)

0.13

0.12

2nd minute

121.5 ± 5.75

128.53 ± 5.75

7.0 (−10.1 to 24.1)

0.399

0.04

6th minute

137.1 ± 4.83

144.8 ± 4.83

7.7 (−6.6 to 22.1)

0.274

0.07

Stop

109.36 ± 4.79

124.71 ± 4.79

15.3 (1.1 to 29.6)

0.036

0.22

Cool down

91.9 ± 4.83

106.1 ± 4.83

14.2 (−0.2 to 28.5)

0.052

0.19

QSART

Baseline Sweat Rates

Forearm

70.96 ± 5.03

62.13 ± 4.82

−8.8 (−23.3 to 5.7)

0.219

0.07

Proximal Leg

66.68 ± 4.86

57.75 ± 4.65

−8.9 (−22.9 to 5.1)

0.198

0.08

Distal Leg

68.23 ± 4.97

59.42 ± 4.76

−8.8 (−23.1 to 5.5)

0.214

0.07

Foot

83.68 ± 4.86

68.17 ± 4.65

−15.5 (−29.5 to −1.5)

0.031

0.20

# Sites <10 % of normal

0.18 ± 0.31

1.13 ± 0.30

0.95 (0.05 to 1.8)

0.039

0.19