Table 2 Classification of morbidity in the present study

0: No complications

1: Intestinal obstruction

1: Wound infection

2: Stenosis

2: Fluid collection or abscess

3: Chronic wound complications

3: Intra-abdominal bleeding

4: Others

4: Intraluminal bleeding

5: Postoperative ileus

6: Anastomosis stenosis

7: Leakage

8: Pancreatitis or fistula

9: Pulmonary

10: Urinary

11: Renal

12: Hepatic

13: Cardiac

14: Endocrine

15: Others