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Table 5 Upstream regulators of metronomic CPA-responsive mouse genes

From: Transcriptional profiling provides insights into metronomic cyclophosphamide-activated, innate immune-dependent regression of brain tumor xenografts

Upstream regulator

Molecule type

p-value of overlap

# of target genes

A. Activated upstream regulators (mouse gene targets)

IFNAR

Interferon receptor

5.34E-14

31

IRF3

Transcription regulator

5.62E-12

28

IFNG

Interferon

2.55E-11

80

IL12 (complex)

Cytokine

1.04E-10

24

STAT1

Transcription regulator

1.32E-10

37

IRF7

Transcription regulator

1.64E-10

23

IFN alpha/beta

Interferon

3.98E-09

20

NFATC2

Transcription regulator

4.77E-09

26

IFNB1

Cytokine

9.37E-09

34

TLR4

Toll-like receptor

3.19E-08

42

DOCK8

other

4.22E-08

21

SASH1

other

7.34E-08

21

TICAM1

Adapter for TLR3

1.05E-07

28

ITK

Kinase

1.52E-07

22

SAMSN1

other

2.20E-07

23

mir-223

MicroRNA

3.67E-07

24

DDX58

Enzyme

1.15E-06

14

IL6

Interleukin 6

1.22E-06

30

SPI1

Transcription regulator

1.31E-06

19

IKBKB

Kinase that activates REL/NF B

3.41E-06

31

NOS2

Nitric oxide synthase; M1 macrophage marker

3.83E-06

30

MYD88

Adapter for TLRs

7.34E-06

32

TLR3

Transmembrane receptor

8.10E-06

27

BNIP3L

Pro-apoptotic factor

9.69E-06

15

TLR9

Transmembrane receptor

1.33E-05

25

NLRP3

Inflammasome

1.59E-05

15

IRF5

Transcription regulator

2.22E-05

12

PPARG

Ligand-dependent nuclear receptor

5.21E-05

40

IL18

Cytokine

6.86E-05

11

FADD

Transmembrane receptor adapter protein

7.33E-05

15

CD44

Enzyme

7.53E-05

22

CDKN2A

Transcription regulator

8.10E-05

20

B. Inhibited upstream regulators (mouse gene targets)

CSF2/GM-CSF

Cytokine

3.82E-15

45

TRIM24

Transcription regulator

8.10E-13

32

PTGER2

G-protein coupled receptor

1.65E-09

26

DNASE2

Enzyme

4.26E-08

14

ACKR2

G-protein coupled receptor

4.87E-08

15

SOCS1

other

1.26E-07

20

mir-21

MicroRNA

1.67E-06

25

TGFB1

Growth factor

9.61E-06

19

MYC

Transcription regulator

1.46E-05

24

  1. Upstream regulators were identified by IPA analysis of the set of mouse genes up-regulated or down-regulated by metronomic CPA in common in U251 tumors after three metronomic CPA treatments (day 18) and in 9L tumors after four metronomic CPA treatments (day 24), as described in Methods. Shown are the upstream regulators whose activation state is reliably predicated to be activated (A) or inhibited (B) by CPA treatment, with other details as described in Table 3. More complete information, including Z-scores, lists of target genes for each regulator, associated mechanistic networks, and other upstream regulators are shown in Additional file 1: Table S7.