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Table 2 Statistical associations for the presence of MCs on mammography

From: Mammographic microcalcifications and breast cancer tumorigenesis: a radiologic-pathologic analysis

(a) Categorical variables

Microcalcifications

Test statistic

 

No

Yes

  
 

n

(%)

n

(%)

χ2

p-value

Recurrence

    

1.28

0.258

 Yes

21

(52.5)

19

(47.5)

  

 No

287

(61.6)

179

(38.4)

  

Histology

    

15.1

0.001 *

 Ductal

357

(59.1)

247

(40.9)

  

 Lobular

58

(82.9)

12

(17.1)

  

 Other

44

(63.8)

25

(36.2)

  

Lymphovascular Invasion

    

1.98

0.159

 Yes

72

(57.6)

53

(42.4)

  

 No

334

(64.9)

181

(35.1)

  

Node Status

    

0.08

0.782

 Positive

134

(62.3)

81

(37.7)

  

 Negative

287

(63.8)

163

(36.2)

  

Tumor Grade

    

5.74

0.057

 1

133

(69.3)

59

(30.7)

  

 2

192

(60.2)

127

(39.8)

  

 3

122

(58.7)

86

(41.3)

  

Density

    

12.32

0.031

 Almost entirely fatty

164

(65.1)

88

(34.9)

  

 Scattered

44

(61.1)

28

(38.9)

  

 Very dense

10

(58.8)

7

(41.2)

  

 Extremely dense

16

(66.7)

8

(33.3)

  

 Heterogeneously dense

23

(40.4)

34

(59.7)

  

 Other

17

(60.7)

11

(39.3)

  

Bilaterality

    

0.18

0.669

 Yes

6

(50.0)

6

(50.0)

  

 No

320

(60.4)

210

(39.6)

  

Architectural Distortion

    

0.81

0.369

 Yes

47

(56.0)

37

(48.1)

  

 No

268

(61.9)

165

(38.1)

  

Focality

    

4.04

0.044

 Multifocal/Multicentric

49

(52.1)

45

(47.9)

  

 Unifocal

271

(63.9)

153

(36.1)

  

Menopausal Status

    

8.86

0.012

 Pre

111

(59.0)

77

(41.0)

  

 Peri

9

(36.0)

16

(64.0)

  

 Post

331

(64.1)

185

(35.9)

  

Diabetes

    

0.00

0.999

 Yes

26

(60.5)

17

(39.5)

  

 No

294

(60.1)

195

(39.9)

  

Family History

    

1.66

0.198

 Yes

91

(56.5)

52

(43.5)

  

 No

144

(63.6)

111

(36.4)

  

Children

    

4.33

0.115

 Yes

156

(62.7)

93

(37.3)

  

 Yes-after age 30

25

(50.0)

25

(50.0)

  

 No

59

(53.6)

51

(46.4)

  

HER-2

    

12.9

<0.001

 Positive

48

(47.1)

54

(52.9)

  

 Negative

399

(66.2)

204

(33.8)

  

ER

    

0.36

0.549

 Positive

89

(59.7)

60

(40.3)

  

 Negative

375

(62.8)

222

(37.2)

  

PR

    

1.42

0.233

 Positive

150

(59.1)

104

(40.9)

  

 Negative

314

(63.8)

178

(34.9)

  

(b) Continuous Variables

Microcalcification

Test Statistic

 

No

Yes

  
 

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

t

p-value

Age

59.0

(13.2)

57.4

(12.3)

1.67

0.100

Tumor Size

2.2

(1.8)

2.5

(2.1)

−1.58

0.115

  1. This table outlines statistical associations between the presence of MCs and other variables of interest. Chi square values and p-values are outlines. P-values < 0.05 is considered statistically significant and highlighted in bold.