Table 1 Candidate driver genes identified as amplified or deleted in OGCTs, with correlated expression
Chr | Gene | # of tumors with | Function & Implication in cancer if known | Ref | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Amp | Del | ||||
14 | AKT1 | 6 | 0 | Known oncogenic kinase, core of one of the most frequently activated survival pathways in human cance. | [50] |
17 | NR1D1 | 5 | 0 | Ligand-sensitive transcription factor, regulates the expression of core clock proteins; required for survival and proliferation of breast cancers | [24] |
12 | MMAB | 4 | 0 | catalyzes the final step for conversion of vitamin B(12) into adenosylcobalamin. Derivatives of the latter are used to image breast, lung, colon, thyroid, and sarcomatous malignancies. | [25] |
11 | TSPAN32 | 3 | 0 | Membrane protein, regulates T cell proliferative responses. Tetraspanins are implicated in various steps of tumorigenesis. | [51] |
11 | CTSW | 2 | 0 | cysteine proteinase up-regulated in Large granular lymphocyte leukemia | [52] |
12 | DGKA | 2 | 0 | converts DAG into PA, a second messenger activating multiple signaling pathways implicated in tumorigenesis (i.e. mTOR signaling) | [53] |
22 | RANBP1 | 3 | 1* | Soluble component of the nuclear pore complex. Oncogenic overexpression of eIF4E induces overexpression of RANBP1 | [30] |
22 | TRMT2A | 3 | 1* | cell-cycle regulated protein, one of the 5 immunohistochemical markers in the Mammostrat test used to stratify breast cancers | [54] |
12 | TENC1 | 2 | 1* | Promotes PI3K/Akt signaling, KD = > decreased proliferation. High expression associated with aggressive hepatocellular carcinoma | [26] |
16 | PIEZO1 | 2 | 1* | transmembrane protein involved in mechanotransduction. Mediates integrin activation by recruiting R-Ras to the ER, modulating cell adhesion | [55] |
12 | SPRYD3 | 2 | 1* | SPRY domain containing 3. Not studied | na |
22 | C22orf26 | 3 | 2* | Not studied - now named PRR34, proline rich 34 | na |
22 | FAM19A5 | 3 | 2 | postulated to function as brain-specific chemokines or neurokines, acting as regulators of immune and nervous cells. | [56] |
1 | NVL | 1* | 3 | AAA-ATPase, hTERT binding, essential for telomerase assembly. A nucleolar isoform is a component of pre-ribosomal particles | [36] |
19 | C19orf18 | 0 | 2 | not studied. Identified as significantly binding to oligomeric β-amyloid | [57] |
14 | FAM177A1 | 0 | 2 | Unknown function. Down-regulated by microRNA124 during neurogenesis. Identified as a target of the E3 ubiquitin-ligase FANCA. | [58] |
12 | LIMA1 | 0 | 2 | Inhibits actin depolymerization and cross-links filaments in bundles. Putative suppressor of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis | [40] |
17 | TADA2A | 0 | 2 | transcriptional activator adaptor, in the PCAF and ATAC histone acetylase complexes, mediates DNA damage-induced apoptosis and G1/S arrest | [44] |
5 | HSPA4 | 0 | 3 | Heat shock chaperone of the HSP110 family. Regulates cell proliferation and G1/S progression by releasing transcription factor ZONAB from tight junction sequestration | [59] |
15 | RTF1 | 0 | 3 | part of the Paf1/RNA polymerase II complex, key regulator of transcription-related processes and cell-cycle progression | [34] |