Table 3 The mean concentration of carotenoids and 25-hydroxy vitamin D 3 from DBS samples compared with plasma from other studies in theNordic countries
Lutein(μmol/L) | Zeaxanthin(μmol/L) | β-kryptoxanthin(μmol/L) | α-carotene(μmol/L) | β-carotene(μmol/L) | Lycopene(μmol/L) | 25-hydroxy D3(nmol/L) | N (Carotenoids - vitamin D= | References (Carotenoids – vitamin D) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Norway – DBS samples present study mean (SD) 1 | 0.23 (±0.13) | 0.046 (±0.02) | 0.16 (±0.11) | 0.13 (±0.10) | 0.43 (±0.29) | 0.25 (±0.12) | 43 (±12) | 403 - 403 | The present study |
Norway previous study mean (SD) | 0.17 (±0.07) | 0.04 (±0.02) | 0.16 (±0.11) | 0.14 (±0.12) | 0.50 (±0.32) | 0.63 (±0.33) | n.a | 346 – n.a. | [20] |
Denmark study mean (SD) | 0.34 (±0.14) | 0.07 (±0.04) | 0.23 (±0.21) | 0.22 (±0.18) | 0.47 (±0.38) | 0.53 (±0.29) | 75 (±29) | 98 – 2,016 | |
Sweden study mean (SD) | 0.28 (±0.12) | 0.06 (±0.04) | 0.20 (±0.19) | 0.20 (±0.22) | 0.54 (±0.73) | 0.52 (±0.27) | 69 (±23) | 97 – 116 | |
Finland study mean (SD) | 0.20 (±0.10) | 0.04 (±0,02) | 0.20 (±0.18) | 0.19 (±0.13) | 0.69 (±0.47) | 0.09 (±0.06) | 38.1 (±4.6) | 620 – 1,283 |