Table 2 Potential risks associated with IRE of renal tumours
Potential hazards of renal IRE ablation | Potential effects |
|---|---|
Excessive energy delivery | Muscle contraction, burn, damage to critical anatomical structure, unintended tissue ablated, bradycardia/hypotension, vagal stimulation/asystole, electrical shock, myocardial infarction, stroke, death |
Insufficient/no energy delivery | Ineffective ablation, no ablation |
Unintended mains or patient circuit voltage exposure to patient or user | Electrical shock |
Incorrect timing of pulse delivery | Transient arrhythmia, prolonged arrhythmia, stroke, death |
Unintended interference with implanted devices containing electronics or metal parts | Myocardial infarction, stroke, death |
Unexpected movement of the device and displacement of the electrodes | Hypotension, damage to critical anatomical structure, pneumothorax, mechanical perforation, haemorrhage, unintended tissue ablated, electrical shock, death |
Sterile barrier breach | Infection, sepsis |