| No of reports | OR | (95% CI) | I 2 | P for heterogeneity |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Men | 8 | 2.36 | 1.53–3.65 | 87.60% | 0.001 |
Women | 7 | 2.45 | 1.51–3.98 | 85.60% | 0.001 |
Combined | 37 | 1.78 | 1.49–2.16 | 89.30% | 0.001 |
Type of EC | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
ESCC | 26 | 1.60 | 1.29–2.00 | 88.70% | 0.001 |
EAC | 4 | 0.79 | 0.53–1.16 | 50.30% | 0.110 |
NR | 20 | 2.35 | 1.90–2.91 | 80.70% | 0.001 |
Study quality | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Score ≥ 7 | 2 | 2.73 | 2.06–3.62 | 12.90% | 0.284 |
Score < 7 | 45 | 1.78 | 1.49–2.14 | 90.40% | 0.001 |
Study location | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Asia | 28 | 2.06 | 1.62–2.61 | 91.70% | 0.001 |
South America | 13 | 1.52 | 1.25–1.85 | 66.70% | 0.001 |
Europe | 5 | 0.95 | 0.68–1.34 | 62.40% | 0.031 |
Africa | 1 | 12.78 | 6.95–23.5 | . | 0.001 |
Measurement domain | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Temperature categories | 33 | 1.84 | 1.54–2.21 | 83.80% | 0.001 |
Whether consuming or not | 5 | 2.14 | 0.94–4.88 | 98.30% | 0.001 |
Preference | 4 | 1.44 | 0.88–2.35 | 66.30% | 0.031 |
Frequency | 5 | 1.71 | 1.24–2.36 | 68.90% | 0.012 |
Beverages and foods domain | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Tea | 8 | 1.88 | 1.16–3.07 | 94.30% | 0.001 |
Mate | 10 | 1.72 | 1.43–2.07 | 47.50% | 0.046 |
Foods | 11 | 2.09 | 1.71–2.56 | 57.80% | 0.008 |
Others | 18 | 1.73 | 1.19–2.49 | 93.70% | 0.001 |
Controlling age in models | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Yes | 17 | 1.6 | 1.24–2.07 | 88.50% | 0.001 |
No | 30 | 1.98 | 1.55–2.52 | 91.30% | 0.001 |
Controlling smoking in models | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Yes | 29 | 1.61 | 1.26–2.07 | 89.30% | 0.001 |
No | 27 | 2 | 1.56–2.55 | 90.50% | 0.001 |
Controlling alcohol intake in models | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Yes | 19 | 1.56 | 1.21–2.02 | 88.00% | 0.001 |
No | 28 | 2.03 | 1.59–2.59 | 91.60% | 0.001 |
Study setting | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Population | 14 | 1.52 | 1.07–2.16 | 94.1% | 0.001 |
Hospital | 24 | 2.10 | 1.56–2.82 | 89.8% | 0.001 |
NR | 9 | 1.73 | 1.44–2.06 | 59.7% | 0.040 |
Exposure assessment | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Interview | 14 | 1.33 | 1.03–1.71 | 80.0% | 0.001 |
Questionnaire | 33 | 2.07 | 1.67–2.57 | 91.5% | 0.001 |
Outcome assessment | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Histology | 30 | 1.68 | 1.36–2.07 | 88.2% | 0.001 |
Record | 17 | 1.90 | 1.50–2.41 | 86.3% | 0.001 |