Prevalence and outcomes of extrahepatic primary malignancy associated with Hepatocellular Carcinoma in a Korean population

Table 4 Factors associated with mortality among 250 patients with HCC (surgically resected between May 2003 and Dec 2011)

Variables	Univariate analysis^†				Multivariate analysis^†
Variables	HR	95% CI	p value	HR	95% CI	p-value
Age > 60 years	0.967	0.578–1.616	0.897
Male sex	0.777	0.394–1.533	0.468
Diabetes mellitus	1.602	0.880–2.916	0.123
Hypertension	1.172	0.699–1.965	0.547
Alcohol drinking	0.676	0.405–1.128	0.134
Smoking, >10 pack-years	1.069	0.643–1.777	0.796
Portal vein or major vessel invasion	3.073	1.317–7.172	0.009^*	1.066	0.361–3.151	0.908
Microvessel invasion	1.983	1.188–3.310	0.009^*	1.850	1.058–3.236	0.031^*
Intrahepatic metastasis	1.609	0.923–2.804	0.094
Alpha-fetoprotein > 20 ng/mL	1.806	1.083–3.014	0.043^*	1.716	1.018–2.892	0.043^*
Child-Turcotte-Pugh score B or C	0.840	0.361–1.955	0.686
Presence of EHPM	2.125	1.087–4.155	0.028^*	2.002	1.016–3.942	0.045^*
pTNM stage > II	2.303	1.285–4.129	0.005^*	1.784	0.950–3.351	0.072

CI, confidence interval; EHPM, extrahepatic primary malignant neoplasm; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; HR, hazard ratio; pTNM score, pathologic TNM stage.
^†According to the Cox proportional hazard model.
^*p < 0.05.

ISSN: 1471-2407