Table 11 Genes chosen most commonly by studies in review

AGR2

4

Cell migration and growth

Prostate, breast, ovarian, pancreatic

MUTYH

3

Oxidative DNA damage repair

Colorectal

AKAP12

3

Subcellular compartmentation of PKA

Colorectal, lung, prostate

TP53

3

Cell cycle regulation

Breast

TOP2A

3

Required for DNA replication

Breast, prostate, ovarian

FOXA2

3

Liver-specific transcription factor

Lung, prostate

SRC

2

Regulation of cell growth

Colon, liver, lung, breast, pancreatic

SIVA1

2

Pro-apoptotic protein

Many cancers

ALDH9A1

2

Aldehyde dehydrogenase

Many cancers

LGR5

2

Associated with stem cells

Cancer stem cells

EHF

2

Epithelial differentiation and proliferation

Prostate

BAX

2

Apoptotic activator

Colon, breast, prostate, gastric, leukaemia

CES2

2

Intestine drug clearance

Colorectal

CPE

2

Synthesis of hormones and neurotransmitters

FGFBP1

2

Cell proliferation, differentiation and migration

Colorectal, pancreatic

TUBB4A

2

Component of microtubules

ZNF12

2

Transcription regulation

RBM39

2

Steroid hormone receptor-mediated transcription

RFC3

2

Required for DNA replication

GNPDA1

2

Triggers calcium oscillations in mammalian eggs

ANXA3

2

Regulation of cellular growth

Prostate, ovarian

NFIB

2

Activates transcription and replication

Breast

ACTR3B

2

Actin cyctoskeleton organisation

Lung

YWHAE

2

Mediates signal transduction

Lung, endometrial

CYP51A1

2

Drug metabolism and lipid synthesis

HMGCS1

2

Cholesterol synthesis and ketogenesis

ZMYND11

2

Transcriptional repressor

FADS2

2

Regulates unsaturation of fatty acids

SNX7

2

Family involved in intracellular trafficking

ARHGDIA

2

Regulates the GDP/GTP exchange reaction of the Rho proteins

Prostate, lung,

NDST1

2

Inflammatory response

Prostate, breast

AOC1

2

Catalyses degredation of such as histamine and spermidine

DAP

2

Positive mediator of programmed cell death

ERCC8

2

Transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair

GUCY1B3

2

Catalyzes conversion of GTP to the second messenger cGMP

HDAC1

2

Control of cell proliferation and differentiation

Prostate, breast, colorectal, gastric

HDAC2

2

Transcriptional regulation and cell cycle progression

Cervical, gastric, colorectal

IGFBP5

2

Cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, and motility

Breast

IL6

2

Transcriptional inflammatory response, B cell maturation

Many cancers

LSAMP

2

Neuronal surface glycoprotein

Osteosarcoma

MDK

2

Cell growth, migration, angiogenesis

Many cancers

MYCBP

2

Stimulates the activation of E box-dependent transcription

S100A10

2

Transport of neurotransmitters

Colorectal, lung, breast

SLC1A3

2

Glutamate transporter

NCOA1

2

Stimulates hormone-dependent transcription

Breast, prostate

TIAM1

2

Modulates the activity of Rho GTP-binding proteins

Many cancers

VEGFA

2

Angiogenesis, cell growth, cell migration, apoptosis

Many cancers

RPL36

2

Component of ribosomal 60S subunit

LBR

2

Anchors lamina and heterochromatin to the nuclear membrane

ABCB1

2

ATP-dependent drug efflux pump for xenobiotic compounds

Many cancers

FASLG

2

Required for triggering apoptosis in some cell types

Many cancers

TIMP1

2

Extracellular matrix, proliferation, apoptosis

Many cancers

FN1

2

Cell adhesion, motility, migration processes

Many cancers

TGFB1

2

Proliferation, differentiation, adhesion, migration

Prostate, breast, colon, lung, bladder

XPA

2

DNA excision repair

Many cancers

ABCB10

2

Mitochondrial ATP-binding cassette transporter

POLH

2

Polymerase capable of replicating UV-damaged DNA for repair

ITGAE

2

Adhesion, intestinal intraepithelial lymphocyte activation

ZNF200

2

Zinc finger protein

COL3A1

2

Collagen type III, occurring in most soft connective tissues

ACKR3

2

G-protein coupled receptor

EPHB3

2

Mediates developmental processes

Lung, colorectal

NBN

2

Double-strand DNA repair, cell cycle control

PCF11

2

May be involved in Pol II release following polymerisation

DFNB31

2

Sterocilia elongation, actin cystoskeletal assembly

BRCA2

2

Double-strand DNA repair

Breast, ovarian

AADAC

2

Arylacetamide deacetylase

CD38

2

Glucose-induced insulin secretion

Leukaemia

CHIT1

2

Involved in degradation of chitin-containing pathogens

CXCR4

2

Receptor specific for stromal-derived-factor-1

Breast, glioma, kidney, prostate

EFNB2

2

Mediates developmental processes

MECOM

2

Apoptosis, development, cell differentiation, proliferation

Leukaemia

FILIP1

2

Controls neocortical cell migration

Ovarian

HSPB7

2

Heat shock protein

LRIG1

2

Regulator of signaling by receptor tyrosine kinases

Glioma

MMP1

2

Breakdown of extracellular matrix

Gastric, breast

PSAT1

2

Phosphoserine aminotransferase

SDF2L1

2

Part of endoplasmic reticulum chaperone complex

TCF15

2

Regulation of patterning of the mesoderm

EPHB2

2

Contact-dependent bidirectional signaling between cells

Colorectal

ETS1

2

Involved in stem cell development, cell senescence and death

Many cancers

TRIM27

2

Male germ cell differentiation

Ovarian, endometrial, prostate

MARK4

2

Mitosis, cell cycle control

Glioma

B4GALT5

2

Biosynthesis of glycoconjugates and saccharides