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Table 5 Cox regression analysis showing association between survival and pre-radiotherapy plasma carotenoid levels.

From: Pre-radiotherapy plasma carotenoids and markers of oxidative stress are associated with survival in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients: a prospective study

Carotenoids

Crude

Adjusteda

 

Hazard rate ratio

95% CI

p-value

Hazard rate ratio

95% CI

p-value

Progression-free survival

Lutein

0.40

0.20-0.80

0.01

0.47

0.22-0.98

0.04

zeaxanthin

0.49

0.25-0.97

0.04

0.55

0.27-1.09

0.09

β-cryptoxanthin

0.41

0.20-0.83

0.01

0.46

0.23-0.94

0.03

α-carotene

0.52

0.26-1.04

0.06

0.57

0.28-1.17

0.12

β-carotene

0.41

0.21-0.83

0.01

0.45

0.22-0.92

0.03

Lycopene

0.66

0.34-1.30

0.23

0.71

0.35-1.41

0.32

Total carotenoids

0.36

0.17-0.73

0.005

0.42

0.20-0.91

0.03

Overall survival

Lutein

0.30

0.12-0.72

0.007

0.39

0.16-0.96

0.04

zeaxanthin

0.40

0.17-0.93

0.03

0.49

0.21-1.14

0.10

β-cryptoxanthin

0.25

0.10-0.63

0.003

0.27

0.11-0.69

0.006

α-carotene

0.32

0.14-0.78

0.01

0.36

0.15-0.86

0.02

β-carotene

0.20

0.07-0.52

0.001

0.23

0.08-0.62

0.004

Lycopene

0.63

0.28-1.40

0.26

0.63

0.27-1.45

0.28

Total carotenoids

0.26

0.10-0.65

0.004

0.38

0.15-0.98

0.05

  1. The above median levels- are compared with below median levels- of plasma carotenoids in 78 patients for progression-free and overall survivals.
  2. aThe analysis are adjusted for stage, treatment and smoking status