Table 2 Comparison of individual and overall (random-effects) estimates for the two reviews – oropharyngeal cancer
| Â | ST usea | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ref | Type | Exposure | Inclusion of smokersb | Reviewc | Sex | Relative risk (95% CI) | Comments |
[3] | ST | Current | NS | L&H | M | 2.02 (0.53–7.74) |  |
(CPS-I) | ST | Current | NS | B | M | 2.0 (0.5–7.7) | Estimates agreed |
[3] | ST | Current | NS | L&H | M | 0.90 (0.12–6.71) |  |
(CPS-II) | ST | Current | NS | B | M | 0.9 (0.1–6.7) | Estimates agreed |
[4] | Snuff | Ever | SNS | L&H | M | 1.10 (0.50–2.41) |  |
|  | Snuff | Ever | SNS | B | M | 1.1 (0.5–2.4) | Estimates agreed |
[5] | Snuff | Ever | SNS | L&H | M | 0.7 (0.5–0.9) |  |
|  | Snuff | Ever | NS | B | M | 0.8 (0.4–1.7) | NS not SNS |
[6] | Snuff | Ever | SNS | L&H | M | 3.1 (1.5–6.6) | Too recent to be included by B |
[7] | Chew | Ever | SNS | L&H | M+F | 2.05 (1.48–2.83)e | Not included by B |
[8] | Chew | Ever | SNS | L&H | M | 2.00 (1.16–3.47)e | Not included by B |
[9] | ST | Ever | SNS | L&H | M | 3.63 (1.02–12.95)e | Not included by B |
[10] | Snuff | Ever | SNS | L&H | F | 2.67 (1.83–3.90)e |  |
|  | Snuff | Ever | NSf | B | F | 4.2 (2.6–6.7) | Whites |
|  | Snuff | Ever | NSf | B | F | 1.5 (0.5–4.8) | Blacks |
[11] | ST | Ever | SNS | B | M | 2.3 (0.2–12.9) | Tongue cancer |
|  | ST | Ever | SNS | B | M | 11.2 (4.1–30.7) | Mouth cancer |
| Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Not included by L&H as no valid smoking adjustmentg |
[12] | ST | Ever | NS | L&H | F | 6.2 (1.9–19.8) |  |
|  | ST | Ever | NS | B | F | 6.2 (1.9–19.8) | Estimates agree |
[13] | Snuff | Ever | NS | L&H | M+F | 0.67 (0.08–5.75)e | Not included by B |
[14] | ST | Ever | SNS | L&H | M+F | 1.04 (0.41–2.68)e | Not included by B |
[15] | ST | Ever | SNS | L&H | M | 0.96 (0.70–1.33)e |  |
|  | Chew | Ever | SNS | B | M | 1.0 (0.7–1.4) | Chew not ST |
[16] | Chew | Ever | SNS | L&H | M | 1.11 (0.81–1.53)e |  |
|  | Chew | Ever | NS | B | M | 2.3 (0.7–7.3) | NS not SNS |
[17]h | ST | Ever | SNS | L&H | M+F | 1.43 (0.64–3.21)e | Not included by B |
[18] | Snuff | Ever | SNS | L&H | M | 0.98 (0.63–1.50)e |  |
|  | Snuff | Ever | SNS | B | M | 1.4 (0.8–2.4) | Oral cancer excluding pharynx |
[19] | Snuff | Ever | SNS | L&H | M+F | 0.8 (0.5–1.3) | Estimate for NS also available |
|  | Snuff | Ever | SNS | B | M+F | 0.8 (0.5–1.3) | Estimates agree |
[20] | ST | Ever | SNS | L&H | M | 1.0 (0.4–2.3) | Not included by B |
[21] | Snuff | Ever | SNS | L&H | M+F | 0.7 (0.3–1.3) | Not included by B |
Total |  |  |  | L&H |  | 1.36 (1.04–1.77) | 19 estimates |
|  |  |  |  | B |  | 1.8 (1.1–2.9) | 13 estimates |