Table 13 Studies reporting "selective cavity margin sampling" techniques for breast-conserving surgery (BCS)

Umpleby 1988 [21]

5 "cavity biopsies" from the superior, inferior, lateral, medial, and deep margins of the cavity wall that were evaluated by permanent histopathology, but for which no data was reported on the margin status of the BCS specimen

England 1994 [22]

5 "tumour bed biopsies" from the superior, inferior, medial, lateral, and base of cavity that were evaluated by permanent histopathology along with evaluation of the margins of the BCS specimen

Weber 1997 [29]

5 "tumor cavity biopsies" from the medial, lateral, superior, inferior, and deep aspects of the lumpectomy cavity that were evaluated by frozen section and permanent histopathology, but for which no data was reported on the margin status of the BCS specimen

Dibiase 1998 [31]

5 "tumor cavity shaved biopsies" from the medial, lateral, superior, inferior, and base of cavity that were evaluated by permanent histopathology, but for which no data was reported on the margin status of the BCS specimen

Taylor 1998 [32]

4 "bed biopsies" from each of the 4 quadrants of the post-resection bed that were evaluated by permanent histopathology, but for which no data was reported on the margin status of the BCS specimen

Jenkinson 2001 [38]

4 "tumour bed biopsies" from each of the 4 quadrants of the post-resection bed that were evaluated by permanent histopathology along with evaluation of the margins of the BCS specimen

Cao 2005 [47]

4 to 6 "cavity margins" from either the superior, inferior, medial, lateral, anterior, and/or posterior aspects of the residual cavity that were evaluated by permanent histopathology along with evaluation of the margins of the BCS specimen

Cendán 2005 [48]

5 to 6 "cavity margins" from either the lateral, medial, inferior, superior, deep, and/or superficial aspects of the lumpectomy cavity that were evaluated by frozen section and permanent histopathology, but for which no data was reported on the margin status of the BCS specimen

Huston 2006 [53]

Comparative study of taking 4 to 6 "additional margins" versus 1 to 3 "additional margins" versus no "additional margins" (with the specific excision locations not designated for those "additional margins") that were evaluated by permanent histopathology along with evaluation of the margins of the BCS specimen

Janes 2006 [54]

2 standardized "cavity shaves" from the superior and inferior aspects of the residual cavity that were evaluated by permanent histopathology along with evaluation of the margins of the BCS specimen

Olson 2007 [77]

3 to 6 "cavity margin biopsies" from the walls of the BCS cavity that were evaluated by frozen section and permanent histopathology, but for which no data was reported on the margin status of the BCS specimen

Jacobson 2008 [61]

4 to 6 "shaved margins" from either the superior, inferior, medial, lateral, anterior, and/or posterior aspect of the lumpectomy cavity that were evaluated by permanent histopathology along with evaluation of the margins of the BCS specimen

Marudanayagam 2008 [78]

Up to 4 "cavity shavings" from either the superior, inferior, medial, and/or lateral aspects of the cavity that were evaluated by permanent histopathology, but for which no data was reported on the margin status of the BCS specimen

Tengher-Barna 2009 [66]

4 "cavity margins" from the lateral, medial, superior, and inferior of the lumpectomy cavity that were evaluated by permanent histopathology along with evaluation of the margins of the BCS specimen

Hewes 2009[68]

4 "cavity biopsies" from the 4 quadrants of the residual cavity that were evaluated by permanent histopathology along with evaluation of the margins of the BCS specimen