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Table 2 Selected characteristics of the study subjects and potential risk factors for breast cancer

From: CYP17, GSTP1, PON1 and GLO1gene polymorphisms as risk factors for breast cancer: an Italian case-control study

 

Cases (n = 547) (%)

Controls (n = 544) (%)

ORb (95% CI)

Menopausal status

   

Premenopausal

187 (34.2)

230 (42.3)

1.0

Postmenopausal

360 (65.8)

314 (57.7)

0.75 (0.44–1.29)

Age at menarche

   

<13

99 (18.1)

87 (16.0)

1.0

13–14

230 (42.0)

212 (39.0)

0.73 (0.54–1.06)

≥ 15

218 (39.9)

245 (45.0)

0.91 (0.62–1.26)

Age at FFTP

   

Nulliparous

116 (21.2)

65 (11.9)

1.0

≤ 25

269 (49.2)

296 (54.4)

0.76 (0.52–1.09)

26–30

107 (19.6)

138 (25.4)

0.44 (0.30–0.65)**

≥ 31

55 (10.0)

45 (8.3)

0.67 (0.38–1.12)

Number of full-term pregnancies

   

Nulliparous

116 (21.2)

65 (12.0)

1.0

1

77 (14.1)

72 (13.2)

0.60 (0.37–0.95)**

2

160 (29.2)

204 (37.5)

0.45 (0.32–0.63)*

3+

194 (35.5)

203 (37.3)

0.55 (0.38–0.77)*

Use of oral contraceptives

   

Never

359 (65.6)

275 (50.6)

1.0

Ever

188 (34.4)

269 (49.4)

0.55 (0.40–0.71)**

Postmenopausal use of estrogen

   

Never

254 (70.6)

208 (66.2)

1.0

Ever

106 (29.4)

106 (33.8)

0.80 (0.60–1.02)

WHR

   

≤ 0.91

216 (39.5)

270 (49.6)

1.0

> 0.91

331 (60.5)

274 (50.4)

1.49 (1.17–1.91)**

BMI (kg/m2)

   

≤ 25.4

243 (44.4)

271 (49.8)

1.0

> 25.4

304 (55.6)

273 (50.2)

1.21 (0.96–1.55)

First-degree family history of breast cancer

   

No

485 (88.7)

519 (95.4)

1.0

Yes

62 (11.3)

25 (4.6)

2.63 (1.60–4.40)**

History of benign breast disease

   

No

340 (62.2)

375 (68.9)

1.0

Yes

207 (37.8)

169 (31.1)

1.32 (1.02–1.72)*

Educationa

   

Low

332 (60.7)

313 (57.5)

1.0

Medium

144 (26.3)

153 (28.1)

0.87 (0.66–1.15)

High

71 (13.0)

78 (14.4)

0.83 (0.57–1.25)

Current alcohol intake

   

Never

309 (56.5)

272 (50.0)

1.0

Once a month or less

153 (28.0)

172 (31.6)

0.76 (0.57–1.03)

Daily-weekly

85 (15.5)

100 (18.4)

0.74 (0.51–1.04)

Smoking habits

   

Nonsmokersc

415 (75.9)

396 (72.8)

1.0

Ex-smokersd

59 (10.8)

76 (14.0)

0.72 (0.49–1.07)

Current smokerse

73 (13.3)

72 (13.2)

0.95 (0.66–1.38)

  1. aLow: none or primary school; medium: middle school; high: high school, trade school or university. bAdjusted for age. OR: odds ratio; CI: confidencial intervals; FFTP: first full-term pregnancy; WHR: waist-hip ratio; BMI: body mass index. cNonsmokers = Never smokers; dEx-smokers = tobacco consumption stopped from 7.6 ± 4.2 years with a previous average tobacco consumption estimated at 47 pack-years (range, 20–106); e Current smokers = with an average tobacco consumption estimated at 43 pack-years (range, 20–200). *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01. The characteristics of participants with and without BC were compared by χ2 test for categorical variables.
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BMC Cancer

ISSN: 1471-2407

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