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Table 3 Crude and adjusted odds ratios for renal cell carcinoma: environmental tobacco smoke exposure among never-smokers

From: Smoking, environmental tobacco smoke, and risk of renal cell cancer: a population-based case-control study

 

Cases

(%)

Controls

(%)

OR

(95% CI)

AOR

(95% CI)a

χ2 trendb

Home ETS exposure

     

   Duration (years)

    

p = 0.010

   No exposure

35 (27%)

43 (32%)

1.00 (ref.)

1.00 (ref.)

 

   1 – 20 years

38 (30%)

59 (44%)

0.79 (0.43 – 1.45)

0.86 (0.46 – 1.60)

 

   > 20 years

56 (43%)

32 (24%)

2.15 (1.15 – 4.01)

2.18 (1.14 – 4.18)

 

   Total

129 (100%)

134 (100%)

   

   Lifetime hours

    

p = 0.008

   No exposure

37 (29%)

44 (33%)

1.00 (ref.)

1.00 (ref.)

 

   1 – 29,999 hours

41 (32%)

62 (46%)

0.79 (0.44 – 1.42)

0.83 (0.45 – 1.52)

 

   30,000 + hours

50 (39%)

28 (21%)

2.12 (1.12 – 4.01)

2.37 (1.20 – 4.69)

 

   Total

128 (100%)

134 (100%)

   

Workplace ETS exposure

    

p = 0.740

   Duration (years)

     

   No exposure

55 (43%)

73 (55%)

1.00 (ref.)

1.00 (ref.)

 

   1 – 20 years

48 (37%)

32 (24%)

1.99 (1.13 – 3.51)

2.09 (1.17 – 3.75)

 

   > 20 years

26 (20%)

29 (22%)

1.19 (0.63 – 2.25)

1.04 (0.54 – 2.01)

 

   Total

129 (100%)

134 (100%)

   

   Lifetime hours

    

p = 0.972

   No exposure

55 (43%)

73 (55%)

1.00 (ref.)

1.00 (ref.)

 

   1 – 16,999 hours

38 (30%)

28 (21%)

1.80 (0.99 – 3.28)

1.83 (0.99 – 3.37)

 

   17,000 + hours

36 (28%)

33 (25%)

1.45 (0.80 – 2.61)

1.36 (0.74 – 2.49)

 

   Total

129 (100%)

134 (100%)

   

   Smoker proximity

    

p = 0.370

   < 5 smokers within 10'c

44 (60%)

43 (71%)

1.00 (ref.)

1.00 (ref.)

 

   ≥ 5 smokers within 10'

29 (40%)

18 (30%)

1.57 (0.76 – 3.24)

1.47 (0.70 – 3.08)

 

   Total

73 (100%)

61 (100%)

   

Public/private ETS exposure d

    

-

   < 1 hour per week

42 (33%)

54 (40%)

1.00 (ref.)

1.00 (ref.)

 

   1 – 2 hours per week

52 (41%)

46 (34%)

1.45 (0.83 – 2.56)

1.59 (0.88 – 2.87)

 

   3 – 6 hours per week

22 (17%)

16 (12%)

1.77 (0.83 – 3.78)

2.25 (0.99 – 5.09)

 

   ≥ 7 hours per week

12 (9%)

18 (13%)

0.86 (0.37 – 1.97)

0.87 (0.37 – 2.05)

 

   Total

128 (100%)

134 (100%)

   
  1. a Adjusted for age, gender, race, and BMI. b Reported only for continuous variables in adjusted models.
  2. c Assessed only for those reporting workplace ETS exposure. d Adjusted for age, gender, race, BMI, and weekly alcohol consumption.
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