Table 2 Crude and adjusted odds ratios for renal cell carcinoma: cigarettes and cigarette smoking cessation
Cases (%) | Controls (%) | OR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI)a | χ2 trendb | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lifetime cigarette smoking | |||||
Duration (years) | p = 0.055 | ||||
Never-smokers | 131 (39%) | 134 (40%) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | |
1 – 10 years | 22 (7%) | 46 (14%) | 0.49 (0.28 – 0.86) | 0.52 (0.29 – 0.93) | |
11 – 20 years | 29 (9%) | 39 (12%) | 0.76 (0.44 – 1.30) | 0.73 (0.42 – 1.28) | |
21 – 30 years | 42 (13%) | 39 (12%) | 1.10 (0.67 – 1.81) | 1.19 (0.71 – 1.99) | |
31 – 40 years | 56 (17%) | 30 (9%) | 1.91 (1.15 – 3.16) | 1.87 (1.12 – 3.13) | |
41 – 50 years | 32 (10%) | 29 (9%) | 1.13 (0.65 – 1.97) | 1.05 (0.60 – 1.84) | |
51 + years | 23 (7%) | 20 (6%) | 1.18 (0.62 – 2.24) | 1.05 (0.54 – 2.04) | |
Total | 335 (100%) | 337 (100%) | |||
Dichotomous measure | |||||
< 20 years | 176 (52%) | 216 (64%) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | |
20 + years | 159 (48%) | 121 (36%) | 1.60 (1.17 – 2.19) | 1.57 (1.15 – 2.15) | |
Dose + duration (pack-years) | p = 0.014 | ||||
Never-smokers | 131 (39%) | 134 (40%) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | |
< 5 pack-years | 29 (9%) | 50 (15%) | 0.64 (0.38 – 1.06) | 0.68 (0.40 – 1.15) | |
5 to < 10 pack-years | 14 (4%) | 24 (7%) | 0.61 (0.30 – 1.22) | 0.62 (0.31 – 1.27) | |
10 to < 20 pack-years | 33 (10%) | 33 (10%) | 1.04 (0.61 – 1.78) | 1.11 (0.64 – 1.92) | |
20 or more pack-years | 128 (38%) | 96 (29%) | 1.39 (0.97 – 1.98) | 1.35 (0.93 – 1.95) | |
Total | 335 (100%) | 337 (100%) | |||
Dichotomous measure | |||||
< 20 pack-years | 207 (62%) | 241 (71%) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | |
20 or more pack-years | 128 (38%) | 96 (29%) | 1.53 (1.10 – 2.14) | 1.48 (1.06 – 2.07) | |
Smoking technique c | |||||
Inhalation into mouth/throat only | 29 (12%) | 41 (19%) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | |
Inhalation into chest/lungs | 176 (88%) | 161 (81%) | 1.89 (1.07 – 3.35) | 1.83 (1.03 – 3.26) | - |
Total | 205 (100%) | 202 (100%) | |||
Cigarette cessation (years) d | p < 0.001 | ||||
1 – 10 years | 48 (29%) | 20 (14%) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | |
11 – 20 years | 36 (22%) | 27 (19%) | 0.56 (0.27 – 1.14) | 0.39 (0.18 – 0.85) | |
21 – 30 years | 28 (17%) | 34 (24%) | 0.34 (0.17 – 0.71) | 0.24 (0.11 – 0.52) | |
31 – 40 years | 28 (17%) | 30 (21%) | 0.39 (0.19 – 0.81) | 0.28 (0.13 – 0.61) | |
41 – 50 years | 18 (11%) | 18 (13%) | 0.42 (0.18 – 0.96) | 0.23 (0.09 – 0.58) | |
51 or more years | 7 (4%) | 11 (8%) | 0.27 (0.09 – 0.78) | 0.11 (0.03 – 0.39) | |
Total | 165 (100%) | 140 (100%) |