Skip to main content

Table 5 Age-Adjusted Incidence Rate and Relative Risk of Cancer by Dietary Preference, Leisure-time Physical Activitya, and Smoking Status

From: Dietary preference, physical activity, and cancer risk in men: national health insurance corporation study

Cancer site

Total

Never/Former Smokers

Current Smokers

 

Least favorable lifestyle

Middle group

Optimal lifestyle

Least favorable lifestyle

Middle group

Optimal lifestyle

Least favorable lifestyle

Middle group

Optimal lifestyle

All

(n = 624)

(n = 8071)

(n = 4997)

(n = 176)

(n = 2746)

(n = 1890)

(n = 445)

(n = 5204)

(n = 3042)

Age aIRb

605.2

557.2

504.0

505.9

474.8

433.0

671.3

621.7

567.9

Age aRR (95% CI)

1.00

0.92 (0.85 – 1.00)

0.83

(0.77 – 0.91)

1.00

0.94

(0.81 – 1.09)

0.86

(0.73 – 1.00)

1.00

0.93

(0.84 – 1.02)

0.85

(0.77 – 0.93)

Multivariate

(95% CI)c

1.00

0.95

(0.88 – 1.03)

0.87

(0.80 – 0.95)*

1.00

0.95

(0.81 – 1.10)

0.87

(0.75 – 1.02)*

1.00

0.94

(0.85 – 1.03)

0.86

(0.78 – 0.95)*

Head and neck

(n = 32)

(n = 389)

(n = 259)

(n = 5)

(n = 127)

(n = 107)

(n = 27)

(n = 258)

(n = 150)

Age aIRb

31.4

27.3

26.5

14.6

22.6

25.2

41.3

31.1

28.3

Age aRR

(95% CI)

1.00

0.87

(0.61 – 1.24)

0.84

(0.58 – 1.22)

1.00

1.54

(0.63 – 3.77)

1.72

(0.70 – 4.22)

1.00

0.75

(0.51 – 1.12)

0.69

(0.46 – 1.03)

Multivariate

(95% CI)c

1.00

0.90

(0.62 – 1.28)

0.88

(0.61 – 1.27)

1.00

1.57

(0.64 – 3.84)

1.75

(0.71 – 4.29)

1.00

0.76

(0.51 – 1.13)

0.69

(0.46 – 1.05)

Esophagus

(n = 15)

(n = 181)

(n = 94)

(n = 4)

(n = 34)

(n = 24)

(n = 11)

(n = 147)

(n = 70)

Age aIRb

13.0

11.0

8.4

9.7

4.9

4.6

14.9

15.5

11.6

Age aRR

(95% CI)

1.00

0.84

(0.50 – 1.43)

0.64

(0.37 – 1.11)

1.00

0.50

(0.78 – 1.42)

0.47

(0.16 – 1.36)

1.00

1.04

(0.56 – 1.92)

0.78

(0.41 – 1.47)

Multivariate

(95% CI)c

1.00

0.94

(0.55 – 1.59)

0.75

(0.44 – 1.30)

1.00

0.52

(0.19 – 1.48)

0.48

(0.17 – 1.38)

1.00

1.09

(0.59 – 2.02)

0.85

(0.45 – 1.60)

Stomach

(n = 160)

(n = 2132)

(n = 1318)

(n = 53)

(n = 714)

(n = 474)

(n = 104)

(n = 1385)

(n = 830)

Age aIRb

154.6

146.7

132.5

151.0

121.9

107.3

156.1

165.0

154.4

Age aRR

(95% CI)

1.00

0.95

(0.81 – 1.47)

0.86

(0.73 – 1.50)

1.00

0.81

(0.61 – 1.07)

0.71

(0.54 – 0.94)

1.00

1.06

(0.87 – 1.29)

0.99

(0.81 – 1.21)

Multivariate

(95% CI)c

1.00

0.98

(0.83 – 1.15)

0.89

(0.76 – 1.05)*

1.00

0.81

(0.61 – 1.07)

0.72

(0.54 – 0.95)*

1.00

1.06

(0.87 – 1.30)

1.00

(0.81 – 1.23)

Lung

(n = 95)

(n = 939)

(n = 527)

(n = 14)

(n = 211)

(n = 132)

(n = 81)

(n = 722)

(n = 388)

Age aIRb

91.3

63.3

52.1

40.4

36.3

30.1

121.3

84.2

71.1

Age aRR

(95% CI)

1.00

0.69

(0.56 – 0.86)

0.57

(0.46 – 0.71)

1.00

0.90

(0.52 – 1.54)

0.75

(0.43 – 1.29)

1.00

0.69

(0.55 – 0.87)

0.59

(0.46 – 0.75)

Multivariate

(95% CI)c

1.00

0.73

(0.59 – 0.91)

0.63

(0.51 – 0.79)*

1.00

0.91

(0.53 – 1.56)

0.76

(0.44 – 1.32)

1.00

0.69

(0.55 – 0.87)

0.60

(0.47 – 0 76)*

Colorectum

(n = 72)

(n = 1,030)

(n = 716)

(n = 28)

(n = 443)

(n = 327)

(n = 44)

(n = 573)

(n = 378)

Age aIRb

71.5

72.5

73.7

81.2

77.2

75.5

68.3

70.3

72.6

Age aRR

(95% CI)

1.00

1.01

(0.80 – 1.29)

1.03

(0.81 – 1.31)

1.00

0.95

(0.65 – 1.39)

0.93

(0.63 – 1.37)

1.00

1.03

(0.76 – 1.40)

1.06

(0.78 – 1.45)

Multivariate

(95% CI)c

1.00

1.03

(0.81 – 1.30)

1.03

(0.81 – 1.31)

1.00

0.97

(0.66 – 1.42)

0.94

(0.64 – 1.38)

1.00

1.04

(0.76 – 1.41)

1.07

(0.78 – 1.46)

Liver

(n = 108)

(n = 1614)

(n = 936)

(n = 32)

(n = 570)

(n = 358)

(n = 76)

(n = 1009)

(n = 568)

Age aIRb

96.7

104.5

88.2

86.9

94.2

78.2

104.4

111.4

97.4

Age aRR

(95% CI)

1.00

1.08

(0.89 – 1.31)

0.91

(0.75 – 1.11)

1.00

1.08

(0.76 – 1.55)

0.90

(0.63 – 1.29)

1.00

1.07

(0.85 – 1.35)

0.93

(0.73 – 1.19)

Multivariate

(95% CI)c

1.00

1.13

(0.93 – 1.37)

0.98

(0.80 – 1.20)

1.00

1.10

(0.77 – 1.56)

0.95

(0.66 – 1.37)

1.00

1.10

(0.87 – 1.39)

0.98

(0.77 – 1.24)

Gallbladder

(n = 16)

(n = 207)

(n = 110)

(n = 5)

(n = 78)

(n = 45)

(n = 11)

(n = 124)

(n = 65)

Age aIRb

16.0

14.7

11.4

14.9

14.0

10.7

17.1

15.1

12.4

Age aRR

(95% CI)

1.00

0.92

(0.55 – 1.52)

0.71

(0.42 – 1.20)

1.00

0.94

(0.38 – 2.32)

0.72

(0.29 – 1.81)

1.00

0.88

(0.48 – 1.64)

0.73

(0.38 – 1.38)

Multivariate

(95% CI)c

1.00

0.95

(0.58 – 1.60)

0.75

(0.44 – 1.27)*

1.00

0.97

(0.39 – 2.39)

0.74

(0.29 – 1.87)

1.00

0.92

(0.50 – 1.71)

0.75

(0.40 – 1.43)

Pancreas

(n = 12)

(n = 200)

(n = 134)

(n = 3)

(n = 67)

(n = 48)

(n = 9)

(n = 130)

(n = 83)

Age aIRb

11.7

13.6

13.4

7.9

10.4

9.9

14.0

15.8

15.9

Age aRR

(95% CI)

1.00

1.17

(0.65 – 2.09)

1.15

(0.64 – 2.07)

1.00

1.32

(0.42 – 4.21)

1.26

(0.39 – 4.04)

1.00

1.13

(0.58 – 2.22)

1.13

(0.57 – 2.26)

Multivariate

(95% CI)c

1.00

1.18

(0.66 – 2.11)

1.16

(0.64 – 2.10)

1.00

1.30

(0.41 – 4.13)

1.21

(0.38 – 3.89)

1.00

1.11

(0.57 – 2.19)

1.11

(0.56 – 2.22)

Kidney

(n = 18)

(n = 217)

(n = 157)

(n = 4)

(n = 82)

(n = 61)

(n = 14)

(n = 133)

(n = 92)

Age aIRb

17.4

15.1

15.9

11.5

14.2

14.0

21.0

15.9

17.2

Age aRR

(95% CI)

1.00

0.86

(0.53 – 1.40)

0.91

(0.56 – 1.49)

1.00

1.24

(0.45 – 3.38)

1.22

(0.44 – 3.36)

1.00

0.76

(0.44 – 1.32)

0.82

(0.47 – 1.44)

Multivariate

(95% CI)c

1.00

0.90

(0.56 – 1.46)

0.94

(0.57 – 1.53)

1.00

1.31

(0.48 – 3.57)

1.24

(0.45 – 3.42)

1.00

0.78

(0.45 – 1.36)

0.83

(0.47 – 1.46)

Bladder

(n = 16)

(n = 248)

(n = 149)

(n = 3)

(n = 66)

(n = 58)

(n = 13)

(n = 176)

(n = 91)

Age aIRb

15.8

17.3

15.2

8.6

11.2

13.1

19.9

21.2

17.2

Age aRR

(95% CI)

1.00

1.10

(0.66 – 1.82)

0.96

(0.58 – 1.61)

1.00

1.31

(0.41 – 4.16)

1.53

(0.48 – 4.88)

1.00

1.07

(0.61 – 1.88)

0.87

(0.48 – 1.55)

Multivariate

(95% CI)c

1.00

1.15

(0.69 – 1.91)

1.02

(0.61 – 1.71)

1.00

1.32

(0.42 – 4.21)

1.56

(0.49 – 5.00)

1.00

1.08

(0.62 – 1.90)

0.86

(0.48 – 1.55)

Prostate

(n = 10)

(n = 187)

(n = 108)

(n = 5)

(n = 83)

(n = 54)

(n = 5)

(n = 98)

(n = 49)

Age aIRb

8.7

11.0

9.4

12.5

11.9

10.4

7.0

10.3

8.2

Age aRR

(95% CI)

1.00

1.27

(0.67 – 2.40)

1.08

(0.57 – 2.07)

1.00

0.96

(0.39 – 2.36)

0.83

(0.33 – 2.08)

1.00

1.49

(0.61 – 3.65)

1.18

(0.47 – 2.97)

Multivariate

(95% CI)c

1.00

1.24

(0.66 – 2.35)

1.07

(0.56 – 2.04)

1.00

0.94

(0.38 – 2.31)

0.82

(0.33 – 2.06)

1.00

1.51

(0.61 – 3.71)

1.20

(0.48 – 3.02)

  1. The combination of dietary preference and leisure-time physical activity (LPA) were categorized as (1) the least favorable lifestyle; low LPA with meat preference, (2) middle group; moderate-high LPA with meat preference or low LPA with vegetable or mixture of vegetables and meat preference, and (3) optimal lifestyle; moderate-high LPA with vegetable or mixture of vegetables and meat preference.
  2. The number in the parenthesis means the number of cancer cases.
  3. Abbreviations: aRR, adjusted relative risk; CI, confidence interval
  4. * P Value for trend < 0.05
  5. a With the combination of frequency and duration with vigorous, sweat-producing LPA, it was categorized as (1) low; ≤ 4 times/week for < 30 min/session or ≤ 1 time/week for ≥ 30 min/session, (2) moderate; 2–4 times/week for ≥ 30 min/session or ≥ 5 times/week for < 30 min/session, and (3) high; ≥ 5 times/week for ≥ 30 min/session
  6. b The rate is per 100,000 person-years, adjusted to the age distribution of the entire study population.
  7. c The multivariate relative risk model using standard Poisson regression analysis adjusted for age, amount of alcohol drinking, body mass index, employment and fasting blood sugar as appropriate.