Systematic review of the relation between smokeless tobacco and cancer of the pancreas in Europe and North America

Table 6 Dose-response data for smokeless tobacco and pancreatic cancer

Study^a	Smoking	Sex	ST use		RR/OR
			Type	Exposure	Cases	Estimate (95% CI)
Swedish Construction Workers [11]	Never	M	Snuff	Never	63	1.00 (reference)
				1–9 g/day	6	1.90 (0.80–4.30)
				10+ g/day	13	2.10 (1.10–3.80)
Third National Cancer Survey [16]	Any	M	ST^b	Never	88	1.00 (reference)
				Low^c	2	0.31 (0.08–1.27)^d
				High^c	1	0.25 (0.04–1.89)^d
Texas [15]	Any^e	M+F	Chewing	Never	774	1.00 (reference)
				Low/moderate^f	22	0.60 (0.30–1.20)
				High	12	0.60 (0.30–1.20)
			Snuff	Never	790	1.00 (reference)
				Low/moderate^f	9	0.60 (0.20–1.50)
				High^g	9	0.60 (0.20–1.30)

^a Fuller details of the studies are given in Tables 1 and 2
^b Chewing or snuff
^c The exposed population was divided into approximately equal numbers by the product of consumption x years of use
^d CI were estimated from data provided
^e The source also provides results for ever cigarette smokers – chewing 1.00, 0.70 (0.40–1.40), 0.50 (0.20–1.50), snuff 1.00, 0.80 (0.30–2.10), 0.50 (0.20–1.50), and also for never cigarette smokers – chewing 1.00, 0.60 (0.20–2.30), 0.60 (0.20–1.70), and snuff 1.00, 0.00, 0.60 (0.20–2.10)
^f Low or moderate intake: ≤ 20 time-years (times/day x years of use)
^g High intake: > 20 time-years

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