Skip to main content

Table 1 Cohort studies of smokeless tobacco and pancreatic cancer

From: Systematic review of the relation between smokeless tobacco and cancer of the pancreas in Europe and North America

Study details

US Veterans Study

Lutheran Brotherhood Study

Norway Cohorts Study

Swedish Construction Workers Study

Sourcea

Winn et al [19]b

Zheng et al [9]c

Boffetta et al [10]d

Luo et al [11]

Country

USA

USA

Norway

Sweden

Population

US veterans insurance policyholders

Lutheran brotherhood insurance policyholderse

General population samples and relatives of Norwegian migrants to the USA

Construction workers

Baseline survey

1954

1966

1964, 1967

1978–1992

Sex

> 99.5% Male

Male

Male

Male

Follow-up

1954–1969

1966–1986

1966–2001

1978–2004

Sample sizef

Approx 300,000

17,633

10,136

279,897

Endpoint

Mortality

Mortality

Incidenceg

Incidence

Data on ST use

ST unspecified

ST unspecified

Snuff

Snuff

Adjustment factorsh

Age

Age, smoking, alcohol

Age, smoking

Age, smoking, body mass index

  1. a The source given is for the latest follow-up
  2. b The source is an abstract. Some of the study information about the US Veterans Study was obtained from other sources [33]
  3. c Page 103 of IARC Monograph 37 [30] summarizes 15 year follow-up results from this study based on two abstracts [29, 32]
  4. d 11 year follow-up results from this study are reported on page 103 of IARC Monograph 37 [30] based on two abstracts [29, 32], while 14 year follow-up results are given by Heuch et al [31]
  5. e White
  6. f Numbers used in specific analyses may be less than this
  7. g Cases diagnosed on the basis of a clinical examination or death certificate only were excluded
  8. h Adjustment factors used in analysis