Table 4 Patients' clinical, radiological, cystoscopic, and histopathological criteria.
From: Muscle invasive bladder cancer in Upper Egypt: the shift in risk factors and tumor characteristics
| Â | (n = 130) |
|---|---|
First complaint | Â |
   Burning micturition | 73.8% |
   Haematuria | 20.8% |
   Loin pain | 3.8% |
   Frequency | 1.6% |
Ultrasound findings | Â |
   Visible growth | 99.1 |
   Bladder stones | 8.9% |
   Obstructed kidney | 77% |
IVU findings | Â |
   Visible filling defect | 100% |
   Obstructed kidney | 77.3% |
   Normal contrast secretion | 82.7% |
CT | Â |
   Liver cirrhosisBack pressure on kidneys | 20% |
   Back pressure on kidneys | 80% |
Bladder | Â |
   Single lesion | 90% |
   Multiple lesion | 10% |
Cystoscopy findings | Â |
   Involved urethra | 0% |
   Involved bladder neck | 6.6% |
   Involved ureteral orifice Tumor configuration | 13.1% |
Solid | 91.5% |
Papillary | 8.5% |
Pathological type | Â |
   Well differentiated SCC | 43.8% |
   Moderately differentiated SCC | 20% |
   Transitional cell carcinoma | 15.4% |
   Anaplastic carcinoma | 8.5% |
   Spindle cell carcinoma | 5.4% |
   Poorly differentiated SCC | 3.8% |
   Adenocarcinoma | 3.1% |
Stage of the tumor | Â |
   T2a | 8.6% |
   T2b | 47.7% |
   T3a | 7.8% |
   T3b | 3.1% |
   T4a | 28.1% |
   T4b | 4.7% |
Lymph node affection | Â |
   Positive | 13.3% |
   Negative | 86.7% |