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Table 3 Adjusteda odds ratios (OR) for esophageal cancer, and esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma, according to tobacco smoking

From: Esophageal cancer risk by type of alcohol drinking and smoking: a case-control study in Spain

 

No. of controls

All esophageal cancer cases

Esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma cases

  

Cases

ORa

95% CI

Cases

ORa

95% CI

Smoking Status

       

   Never

218

23

1.00

 

15

1.00

 

   Ever

237

179

2.12

(1.06 – 4.23)

145

1.70

(0.72 – 4.03)

   Never

218

23

1.00

 

15

1.00

 

   Former-Smoker

117

55

1.61

(0.76 – 3.40)

39

1.08

(0.43 – 2.73)

   Current Smoker

120

124

2.58

(1.26 – 5.28)

106

2.28

(0.95 – 5.51)

Average No. of cigarettes/day

       

   Never

218

23

1.00

 

15

1.00

 

   Former smoker

117

55

1.68

(0.79 – 3.57)

39

1.16

(0.45 – 2.99)

   <15

27

11

1.70

(0.63 – 4.58)

8

1.35

(0.41 – 4.48)

   15–29

58

58

2.45

(1.11 – 5.44)

47

2.05

(0.78 – 5.42)

   ≥ 30

23

51

5.07

(2.06 – 12.47)

48

5.82

(1.96 – 17.23)

   Pipe/Cigars

12

4

1.58

(0.41 – 6.21)

3

1.49

(0.30 – 7.46)

p-value for linear trend

   

0.002

  

0.006

Years of cigarette smoking

       

   Never

218

23

1.00

 

15

1.00

 

   <20

39

14

1.78

(0.69 – 4.59)

4

0.54

(0.12 – 2.11)

   20–29

48

32

1.94

(0.81 – 4.63)

26

1.62

(0.57 – 4.65)

   ≥ 30

150

134

2.25

(1.10 – 4.58)

115

2.03

(0.84 – 4.92)

p-value for linear trend

   

0.030

  

0.029

Pack-years b

       

   Never smoker (0 p-y)

218

23

1.00

 

15

1.00

 

   Past

117

55

1.67

(0.79 – 3.55)

39

1.15

(0.45 – 2.95)

   <20

38

11

1.30

(0.49 – 3.47)

6

0.69

(0.19 – 2.51)

   20–49

55

59

2.81

(1.27 – 6.19)

48

2.49

(0.96 – 6.51)

   ≥ 50

27

54

3.79

(1.60 – 8.95)

52

3.93

(1.40 – 10.99)

p-value for linear trend

   

0.005

  

0.007

Age at starting

       

   <15

40

41

1.00

 

35

1.00

 

   15–17

78

61

1.11

(0.56 – 2.21)

49

1.45

(0.65 – 3.23)

   ≥ 18

116

70

0.91

(0.47 – 1.74)

56

1.21

(0.57 – 2.58)

Years since quitting

       

   Current Smoker

120

124

1.00

 

106

1.00

 

   <10

50

26

0.55

(0.29 – 1.06)

20

0.44

(0.20 – 0.96)

   ≥ 10

67

29

0.65

(0.35 – 1.21)

19

0.49

(0.23 – 1.06)

Type of tobacco

       

   Never

218

23

1.00

 

15

1.00

 

   Blond

71

31

1.19

(0.50 – 2.82)

24

0.80

(0.28 – 2.30)

   Black

150

144

2.50

(1.23 – 5.09)

118

2.05

(0.85 – 4.97)

Inhalation of smoke

       

   Never

218

24

1.00

 

15

1.00

 

   Partially

164

93

1.50

(0.74 – 3.07)

77

1.32

(0.54 – 3.25)

   Totally

72

85

2.88

(1.37 – 6.06)

67

2.53

(1.00 – 6.46)

  1. a Adjusted for sex, age, educational level, province, and alcohol drinking (never, past, 1–24 g/d, 25–74 g/d, ≥ 75 g/d), the energy-adjusted intake of fruits and vegetables in tertiles, and energy intake
  2. b Pack-years = the number of packs of 20 cigarettes per day multiplied by the number of years smoking.
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BMC Cancer

ISSN: 1471-2407

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