From: Esophageal cancer risk by type of alcohol drinking and smoking: a case-control study in Spain
No. of controls | All esophageal cancer cases | Esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma cases | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cases | ORa | 95% CI | Cases | ORa | 95% CI | ||
Alcohol Drinking Status | |||||||
Never< | 171 | 16 | 1.00 | 6 | 1.00 | ||
Ever | 284 | 186 | 2.41 | (1.24 – 4.71) | 154 | 5.34 | (2.05 – 13.91) |
Never | 171 | 16 | 1.00 | 6 | 1.00 | ||
Former drinker | 49 | 38 | 4.28 | (1.92 – 9.56) | 31 | 11.03 | (3.73 – 32.62) |
Current drinker | 235 | 148 | 2.06 | (1.04 – 4.08) | 123 | 4.48 | (1.69 – 11.83) |
Average of pure ethanol (g/day) | |||||||
Never | 171 | 16 | 1.00 | 6 | 1.00 | ||
Former drinker | 49 | 38 | 5.40 | (2.43 – 12.00) | 31 | 16.03 | (5.34 – 48.07) |
1–24 g/d | 147 | 27 | 1.16 | (0.54 – 2.49) | 12 | 1.71 | (0.56 – 5.20) |
25–74 g/d | 62 | 45 | 2.89 | (1.29 – 6.48) | 38 | 8.02 | (2.64 – 24.40) |
≥ 75 g/d | 26 | 75 | 7.65 | (3.16 – 18.49) | 72 | 23.20 | (7.19 – 74.90) |
p-value for linear trend | <0.00001 | <0.00001 | |||||
Type of drink (g/day) | |||||||
Never | 171 | 16 | 1.00 | 6 | 1.00 | ||
Only wine | 65 | 12 | 1.20 | (0.49 – 2.91) | 7 | 1.92 | (0.56 – 6.64) |
Only beer | 26 | 8 | 3.07 | (1.06 – 8.90) | 6 | 7.98 | (2.13 – 29.92) |
Only wine and/or beer | 67 | 15 | 1.44 | (0.59 – 3.47) | 9 | 2.49 | (0.73 – 88.46) |
All types of beverages | 126 | 151 | 4.39 | (2.08 – 9.22) | 132 | 12.15 | (4.17 – 34.56) |
Never | 171 | 16 | 1.00 | 6 | 1.00 | ||
Former drinker | 49 | 38 | 5.50 | (2.47 – 12.27) | 31 | 16.74 | (5.53 – 50.67) |
Wine and/or Beer 1–24 g/d | 107 | 14 | 1.04 | (0.45 – 2.41) | 6 | 1.48 | (0.43 – 5.05) |
Wine and/or Beer ≥ 25 g/d | 30 | 13 | 2.04 | (0.76 – 5.46) | 11 | 5.48 | (1.52 – 19.71) |
All types 1–24 g/d | 40 | 13 | 1.53 | (0.58 – 4.01) | 6 | 2.47 | (0.62 – 9.86) |
All types ≥ 25 g/d | 58 | 108 | 5.76 | (2.59 – 12.83) | 100 | 17.22 | (5.68 – 52.21) |
All types 25–74 g/d | 40 | 39 | 3.88 | (1.64 – 9.15) | 32 | 10.47 | (3.26 – 33.64) |
All types ≥ 75 g/d | 18 | 69 | 10.62 | (4.14 – 27.24) | 68 | 35.03 | (10.28 – 119.31) |
p-value for linear trend | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | |||||
Years of alcohol drinking | |||||||
0 | 171 | 16 | 1.00 | 6 | 1.00 | ||
1–19 | 16 | 15 | 4.06 | (1.37 – 12.00) | 11 | 8.21 | (2.08 – 32.32) |
20–39 | 121 | 92 | 2.96 | (1.42 – 6.14) | 76 | 6.28 | (2.27 – 17.35) |
≥ 40 | 129 | 71 | 1.71 | (0.80 – 3.61) | 62 | 3.99 | (1.41 – 11.24) |
p-value for linear trend | 0.316 | 0.036 | |||||
Age at starting | |||||||
<18 yr | 51 | 43 | 1.00 | 39 | 1.00 | ||
18–20 yr | 88 | 50 | 1.94 | (0.88 – 4.27) | 40 | 0.63 | (0.29 – 1.37) |
21–29 yr | 59 | 34 | 1.04 | (0.53 – 2.02) | 31 | 0.83 | (0.34 – 2.02) |
≥ 30 yr | 72 | 52 | 1.71 | (0.86 – 3.40) | 40 | 0.91 | (0.36 – 2.29) |
Years since quitting | |||||||
Current Drinker | 235 | 148 | 1.00 | 123 | 1.00 | ||
<5 yr | 12 | 16 | 3.60 | (1.34 – 9.69) | 14 | 5.89 | (2.01 – 17.25) |
≥ 5 yr | 37 | 22 | 1.71 | (0.86 – 3.41) | 17 | 1.70 | (0.79 – 3.66) |