Table 1 Distribution of Asian women according to mammogram (mam) status, by selected characteristics1
Characteristic | N (row %) Mam in past 2 yrs, N = 981 | N (row %) No mam in past 2 yrs, N = 540 | Total (N = 1521) |
|---|---|---|---|
Asian subgroup | Â | Â | Â |
   Chinese | 246 (64) | 136 (36) | 382 |
   Japanese | 194 (71) | 81 (29) | 275 |
   Filipina | 178 (66) | 91 (34) | 269 |
   Korean | 127 (52) | 117 (48) | 244 |
   South Asian | 79 (63) | 46 (37) | 125 |
   Vietnamese | 157 (69) | 69 (31) | 226 |
| Â | p-value2 =< .0001 | Â | |
Age at interview | Â | Â | Â |
   41–49 | 353 (59) | 248 (41) | 601 |
   50–64 | 391 (70) | 164 (30) | 555 |
   65+ | 237 (65) | 128 (35) | 365 |
| Â | p-value = .0002 | Â | |
English speaking proficiency (Chinese, Korean, Vietnamese) | 530 | 322 | Â |
   English not well | 294 (59) | 204 (41) | 498 |
   English well, very well, only | 236 (67) | 118 (33) | 354 |
| Â | p-value = .024 | Â | |
English speaking proficiency (Filipino, Japanese, South Asian) | 451 | 218 | Â |
   English well, not well | 146 (65) | 77 (35) | 223 |
   English very well, only | 305 (68) | 141 (32) | 446 |
| Â | p-value = .448 | Â | |
Education (excluding Vietnamese) | 824 | 471 | Â |
   High school diploma or less | 248 (62) | 155 (38) | 403 |
   Some college, vocational school | 187 (63) | 109 (37) | 296 |
   Bachelor's degree or more | 389 (65) | 207 (35) | 596 |
| Â | p-value = .477 | Â | |
Education (only Vietnamese) | 157 | 69 | Â |
   High school diploma or less | 123 (69) | 56 (31) | 179 |
   Some college or more | 34 (72) | 13 (28) | 47 |
| Â | p-value = .631 | Â | |
Annual household income adjusted for household size | Â | Â | Â |
   <$10,000 (per household member) | 186 (60) | 123 (40) | 309 |
   $10,000–$19,999 | 269 (61) | 173 (39) | 442 |
   $20,000–$33,749 | 261 (69) | 118 (31) | 379 |
   $33,750+ | 265 (68) | 136 (32) | 391 |
| Â | p-value = .018 | Â | |
Employer type | 968 | 531 | Â |
   Unemployed | 458 (66) | 241 (34) | 699 |
   Private | 325 (63) | 190 (37) | 515 |
   Federal, state, local | 114 (71) | 47 (29) | 161 |
   Self-employed, family business | 71 (57) | 53 (43) | 124 |
| Â | p-value = .094 | Â | |
Employment hours (per week) | Â | Â | Â |
   Unemployed | 458 (65) | 243 (35) | 701 |
   1–30 hours | 112 (62) | 69 (38) | 181 |
   >30 hours | 411 (64) | 228 (36) | 639 |
| Â | p-value = .682 | Â | |
Health insurance | Â | Â | Â |
   No | 76 (44) | 97 (56) | 173 |
   Yes | 905 (67) | 443 (33) | 1348 |
| Â | p-value =< .0001 | Â | |
Type of health insurance (among insured) | 905 | 443 | Â |
   Public (Medicaid only, Medicare only, Medicare & Medicaid, other public) | 192 (60) | 127 (40) | 319 |
   Private (employment-based, private, Medicare & private) | 713 (69) | 316 (31) | 1029 |
| Â | p-value = .003 | Â | |
Managed care health plan (among insured) | 877 | 427 | Â |
   No | 291 (65) | 160 (35) | 451 |
   Yes | 586 (69) | 267 (31) | 853 |
| Â | p-value = .127 | Â | |
Public program eligibility (public housing subsidies, general assistance and relief, food stamps, disability, WIC) | Â | Â | Â |
   No | 841 (65) | 456 (35) | 1297 |
   Yes | 140 (63) | 84 (37) | 224 |
| Â | p-value = .499 | Â | |
Marital status | 979 | 540 | Â |
   Married | 620 (65) | 331 (35) | 951 |
   Widowed, divorced, separate, living with partner | 290 (64) | 160 (36) | 450 |
   Never married | 69 (58) | 49 (42) | 118 |
| Â | p-value = .355 | Â | |
Percent of lifetime lived in U.S. | Â | Â | Â |
   <10% of life in U.S. | 32 (40) | 49 (60) | 81 |
   10–25% of life in U.S. | 138 (61) | 89 (39) | 227 |
   >25% of life in U.S. | 580 (65) | 309 (35) | 889 |
   U.S. born | 231 (71) | 93 (29) | 324 |
| Â | p-value < .0001 | Â | |
Citizenship status | Â | Â | Â |
   U.S. born | 231 (71) | 93 (29) | 324 |
   Naturalized citizen | 600 (68) | 283 (32) | 883 |
   Non-citizen | 150 (48) | 164 (52) | 314 |
| Â | p-value < .0001 | Â | |
Usual source of care | 980 | 539 | Â |
   No | 56 (38) | 90 (62) | 146 |
   Yes | 924 (67) | 449 (33) | 1373 |
| Â | p-value < .0001 | Â | |
Went to another country for care | Â | Â | Â |
   No | 959 (65) | 526 (35) | 1485 |
   Yes | 22 (61) | 14 (39) | 36 |
| Â | p-value = .667 | Â | |
Personal history of (non-breast) cancer | 979 | 539 | Â |
   No | 944 (64) | 524 (36) | 1468 |
   Yes | 35 (70) | 15 (30) | 50 |
| Â | p-value = .408 | Â | |
Blood relative with cancer | 974 | 535 | Â |
   No | 633 (62) | 380 (38) | 1013 |
   Yes | 341 (69) | 155 (31) | 496 |
| Â | p-value = .017 | Â | |
Blood relative with breast cancer | Â | Â | Â |
   No | 943 (64) | 526 (36) | 1469 |
   Yes | 38 (73) | 14 (27) | 52 |
| Â | p-value = .188 | Â | |
Pre-existing health condition (arthritis, asthma, diabetes, high blood pressure) | Â | Â | Â |
   No | 466 (62) | 287 (38) | 753 |
   Yes | 515 (67) | 253 (33) | 768 |
| Â | p-value = .035 | Â | |
Use of other screenings (pap exam and/or colon-rectal exam) | Â | Â | Â |
   No | 46 (29) | 113 (71) | 159 |
   Yes | 935 (69) | 427 (31) | 1362 |
| Â | p-value < .0001 | Â | |
Ever had pap smear to check for cervical cancer | Â | Â | Â |
   No | 62 (32) | 131 (68) | 193 |
   Yes | 919 (69) | 409 (31) | 1328 |
| Â | p-value < .0001 | Â | |
Ever had colon-rectal screening exam | Â | Â | Â |
   No | 589 (58) | 432 (42) | 1021 |
   Yes | 392 (78) | 108 (22) | 500 |
| Â | p-value < .0001 | Â | |
Has women's health issues (has osteoporosis, takes hormone supplements to control menopause, had hysterectomy) | Â | Â | Â |
   No | 568 (57) | 426 (43) | 994 |
   Yes | 413 (78) | 114 (22) | 527 |
| Â | p-value < .0001 | Â | |