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Table 4 Effect sizes of intervention group compared to control group on determined variables

From: The efficacy of physiotherapy upon shoulder function following axillary dissection in breast cancer, a randomized controlled study

 

Effect sizesa

 

T0 vs. T1

T0 vs. T2

 

Value (95% CI)

Sign (P)

Value (95% CI)

Sign (P)

Functional impairments (1 – 5)

-1.8 (-2.3 – -1.3)

<0.001

-0.8 (-1.5 – -0.2)

0.018

VAS for pain (0–10)

-2.7 (-3.6 – -1.9)

<0.001

-2.5 (-3.5 – -1.6)

<0.001

Hand grip strength (Kg)

3.1 (-0.4 – 6.6)

0.081

1.4 (-2.4 – 5.2)

0.452

Anteflexion shoulder (0–180°)

24.9 (9.3 – 40.5)

0.003

19.3 (5.7 – 32.8)

0.007

Abduction shoulder (0–180°)

36.7 (12.2 – 61.2)

0.005

29.7 (7.9 – 51.5)

0.010

DASH (0–100)

-13.5 (-24.3 – -2.6)

0.017

-9.0 (-17.2 – -0.8)

0.032

SIP (0–68)

-4.0 (-7.7 – -0.3)

0.035

-2.8 (-6.7 – 1.0)

0.142

Volume operated arm (ml)

1.6 (-20.2 – 23.5)

0.880

-0.6 (-20.7 – 19.4)

0.950

  1. a Effect sizes are calculated as differences between groups at T1 or T2 adjusted for the T0 assessment (entered as covariate in the analysis).
  2. VAS, Visual Analogue Scale; DASH, Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand; SIP, Sickness Impact Profile.