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Table 4 Odds ratios for all glioma cases versus controls by quartiles of daily nutrient intake adjusted for age, gender, ethnicity, SES*, total calories**, and supplement use; San Francisco Bay Area Adult Glioma Study, 1991–2000.†

From: Inverse association of antioxidant and phytoestrogen nutrient intake with adult glioma in the San Francisco Bay Area: a case-control study

Nutrient Quartile2

Combined Series I & II1

Series I (1991–1995)

Series II (1996–2000)

 

OR

95% CI3

 

p4

OR

95% CI3

 

p4

OR

95% CI3

 

p4

Antioxidant Index

            

1st

1

--

--

0.002

1

--

--

0.004

1

--

--

0.12

2nd

0.81

0.61

1.07

 

0.82

0.56

1.20

 

0.79

0.53

1.20

 

3rd

0.82

0.62

1.09

 

0.77

0.52

1.14

 

0.89

0.59

1.35

 

4th

0.57

0.42

0.78

 

0.52

0.33

0.79

 

0.64

0.40

1.03

 

Vitamin E

            

1st

1

--

--

0.45

1

--

--

0.46

1

--

--

0.06

2nd

0.95

0.71

1.27

 

1.12

0.74

1.69

 

0.80

0.53

1.22

 

3rd

0.79

0.57

1.10

 

1.02

0.64

1.62

 

0.60

0.37

0.96

 

4th

0.91

0.62

1.34

 

1.28

0.75

2.19

 

0.62

0.35

1.09

 

Vitamin C

            

1st

1

--

--

0.02

1

--

--

0.03

1

--

--

0.31

2nd

0.74

0.56

0.97

 

0.75

0.51

1.09

 

0.72

0.48

1.09

 

3rd

0.73

0.55

0.97

 

0.71

0.48

1.05

 

0.75

0.49

1.14

 

4th

0.70

0.51

0.94

 

0.63

0.41

0.95

 

0.78

0.50

1.23

 

Carotenoids 5

            

1st

1

--

--

0.02

1

--

--

0.23

1

--

--

0.03

2nd

0.72

0.54

0.95

 

0.73

0.49

1.08

 

0.71

0.48

1.06

 

3rd

0.84

0.63

1.11

 

0.93

0.64

1.37

 

0.74

0.49

1.11

 

4th

0.65

0.48

0.88

 

0.70

0.46

1.06

 

0.60

0.39

0.93

 

α-Carotene

            

1st

1

--

--

0.07

1

--

--

0.46

1

--

--

0.07

2nd

0.87

0.66

1.15

 

1.03

0.70

1.52

 

0.73

0.49

1.09

 

3rd

0.83

0.63

1.10

 

1.06

0.72

1.58

 

0.64

0.42

0.96

 

4th

0.76

0.57

1.02

 

0.83

0.55

1.27

 

0.71

0.47

1.08

 

β-Carotene

            

1st

1

--

--

0.04

1

--

--

0.24

1

--

--

0.09

2nd

0.79

0.60

1.04

 

0.73

0.49

1.08

 

0.85

0.58

1.27

 

3rd

0.79

0.59

1.05

 

0.86

0.58

1.27

 

0.70

0.46

1.06

 

4th

0.72

0.54

0.98

 

0.73

0.48

1.10

 

0.72

0.47

1.11

 

Lutein

            

1st

1

--

--

0.06

1

--

--

0.05

1

--

--

0.55

2nd

1.02

0.78

1.34

 

1.17

0.81

1.70

 

0.86

0.57

1.29

 

3rd

0.86

0.65

1.14

 

0.88

0.60

1.30

 

0.85

0.56

1.28

 

4th

0.79

0.59

1.05

 

0.71

0.47

1.07

 

0.88

0.58

1.33

 

Lycopene

            

1st

1

--

--

0.75

1

--

--

0.98

1

--

--

0.69

2nd

0.91

0.69

1.21

 

0.99

0.67

1.46

 

0.83

0.55

1.25

 

3rd

1.01

0.76

1.33

 

1.05

0.72

1.55

 

0.96

0.63

1.45

 

4th

1.02

0.76

1.36

 

0.98

0.66

1.48

 

1.05

0.68

1.60

 

Cryptoxanthin

            

1st

1

--

--

0.08

1

--

--

0.12

1

--

--

0.39

2nd

0.96

0.73

1.26

 

0.76

0.52

1.11

 

1.26

0.84

1.88

 

3rd

0.92

0.69

1.21

 

0.86

0.59

1.26

 

1.00

0.65

1.52

 

4th

0.77

0.57

1.03

 

0.69

0.46

1.02

 

0.88

0.56

1.38

 

Genistein

            

1st

1

--

--

0.06

1

--

--

0.20

1

--

--

0.11

2nd

0.77

0.58

1.02

 

0.65

0.43

0.97

 

0.90

0.60

1.35

 

3rd

0.71

0.52

0.96

 

0.56

0.36

0.87

 

0.89

0.58

1.36

 

4th

0.74

0.54

1.02

 

0.74

0.45

1.20

 

0.68

0.44

1.06

 

Daidzein

            

1st

1

--

--

0.003

1

--

--

0.30

1

--

--

0.0006

2nd

0.77

0.58

1.01

 

0.96

0.65

1.41

 

0.60

0.40

0.90

 

3rd

0.61

0.46

0.82

 

0.65

0.43

0.98

 

0.56

0.37

0.86

 

4th

0.67

0.50

0.90

 

0.90

0.59

1.38

 

0.47

0.30

0.72

 

Biochanin A

            

1st

1

--

--

0.10

1

--

--

0.04

1

--

--

0.84

2nd

0.84

0.63

1.11

 

0.64

0.43

0.95

 

1.12

0.75

1.68

 

3rd

0.77

0.58

1.02

 

0.71

0.48

1.05

 

0.82

0.54

1.26

 

4th

0.79

0.59

1.07

 

0.61

0.40

0.92

 

1.06

0.69

1.65

 

Formononetin

            

1st

1

--

--

0.58

1

--

--

0.58

1

--

--

0.81

2nd

0.76

0.57

1.00

 

0.73

0.50

1.08

 

0.78

0.52

1.18

 

3rd

0.69

0.52

0.92

 

0.63

0.42

0.93

 

0.77

0.51

1.17

 

4th

0.95

0.72

1.27

 

0.94

0.64

1.39

 

0.96

0.63

1.47

 

Matairesinol

            

1st

1

--

--

0.03

1

--

--

0.01

1

--

--

0.60

2nd

0.74

0.56

0.98

 

0.59

0.40

0.86

 

0.95

0.64

1.42

 

3rd

0.80

0.60

1.06

 

0.78

0.54

1.15

 

0.80

0.53

1.22

 

4th

0.68

0.50

0.92

 

0.50

0.33

0.77

 

0.93

0.60

1.46

 

Secoisolarici-resinol

            

1st

1

--

--

0.001

1

--

--

0.03

1

--

--

0.003

2nd

1.01

0.77

1.33

 

0.74

0.50

1.08

 

1.37

0.93

2.03

 

3rd

0.81

0.61

1.08

 

0.80

0.55

1.17

 

0.80

0.52

1.23

 

4th

0.60

0.44

0.82

 

0.60

0.40

0.92

 

0.57

0.35

0.91

 

Coumestrol

            

1st

1

--

--

0.001

1

--

--

0.01

1

--

--

0.02

2nd

0.71

0.54

0.94

 

0.73

0.49

1.07

 

0.68

0.45

1.01

 

3rd

0.62

0.46

0.83

 

0.60

0.40

0.90

 

0.62

0.41

0.94

 

4th

0.59

0.43

0.80

 

0.57

0.37

0.88

 

0.59

0.37

0.93

 
  1. *Categories for socio-economic status (SES) combine highest education attained and/or household income range. **Total calories = ln(total calories). †Case-control distributions (= N) for quartiles of nutrient consumption are provided in supplemental table 1 [see Additional file 1]. 1Also adjusted for study series. 2Quartile cutpoints were calculated from series- and gender-specific nutrient intake distributions among controls. 3CI = Confidence interval. 4 p-value for chi-square test for trend. 5 alpha- and beta-Carotene. Note: Boxed values are statistically significant odds ratios (with corresponding 95% confidence intervals that exclude 1.00) or tests for trend.