Missed opportunities: racial and neighborhood socioeconomic disparities in emergency colorectal cancer diagnosis and surgery

Table 2 The unadjusted and adjusted main effects between race and neighborhood poverty rate on emergency diagnosis and emergency surgery and neighborhood random effects

Emergency diagnosis (n = 83,330 patients, 14,191 census tracts)
Characteristic	Model 1 empty^a model Model	Model 2 unadjusted race model		Model 3 unadjusted poverty model		Model 4 unadjusted race and poverty model		Model 5 adjusted^brace and poverty main effects model
	Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals
Race
White	-	1		-		1		1
African American	-	1.58	1.50-1.67	-		1.48	1.40-1.57	1.28 (1.20-1.37)
Neighborhood poverty rate
<10%	-	-		1		1		1
10-19.9%	-	-		1.01	0.97-1.05	0.98	0.94-1.02	0.98 (1.04-1.18)
≥20%	-			1.32	1.26-1.39	1.17	1.11-1.23	1.11 (1.04-1.18)
	Neighborhood random effects
Variance (se)	.4317 (.0114)	.4073 (.0110)		.4225 (.0112)		.4061 (.0110)		.4887 (.0157)
Median odds ratio	1.87	1.84		1.86		1.84		1.95
Emergency surgery (n = 55,046 patients, 12,886 census tracts)
Characteristic	Model 1 ^a	Model 2		Model 3		Model 4		Model 5 ^b
	Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals
Race
White	-	1		-		1		1
African American	-	1.74	1.63-1.87	-		1.63	1.51-1.76	1.33	1.23-1.44
Neighborhood poverty rate
<10%	-	-		1		1		1
10-19.9%	-	-		1.01	0.96-1.06	0.97	0.92-1.02	0.98	0.92-1.03
≥20%	-	-		1.36	1.28-1.45	1.17	1.10-1.25	1.11	1.04-1.19
	Neighborhood random effects
Variance (se)	.5086 (.0160)	.4843 (.0155)		.4994 (.0157)		.4826 (.0154)		.4410 (.0170)
Median odds ratio	1.97	1.94		1.96		1.94		1.88

^aModel 1 is an empty model.
^bModel 5 includes the following covariates: sex, urban/rural, Medicaid, comorbidity, prior hospitalization, preventable hospitalization, endoscopies in prior year, stage, grade, histology, and tumor location.
Values in bold represent odds ratios for which the 95% confidence interval does not include the value one.

ISSN: 1471-2407