Figure 6

Effects of CaM antagonists on intracellular Ca ²⁺ levels and mitochondrial membrane potential. (A) Cells were loaded with 4 μM Fluo-4/AM dye for 1 h, after which the dyed cells were incubated with CaM antagonists (60 μM) for 30 min. The intracellular Ca²⁺ levels were analyzed by flow cytometry. Data are expressed as means ± standard deviations. *P <0.01 for the comparison with control cells. (B) Cells were pretreated with JC-10 dye for 30 min, and subsequently incubated with CaM antagonists (60 μM) for 1 h. The cells were then visualized under a fluorescence microscope to visualize the yellow fluorescent aggregation that indicates high mitochondrial membrane potential which is distinct from the green fluorescent monomer observed at a low mitochondrial membrane potential.