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Table 2 Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for esophageal adenocarcinomas and gastro-esophageal junction adenocarcinomas according to glycemic index, glycemic load, and dietary carbohydrate intakes, Australia 2002-2005

From: A case-control study of glycemic index, glycemic load and dietary fiber intake and risk of adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas of the esophagus: the Australian Cancer Study

 

Controls

EAC

EGJAC

Multivariable modela

Multivariable modela

 

N = 1490

N = 288

OR, (95% CI)

N = 318

OR, (95% CI)

Glycemic Index (median, range)b

     

 Q1: 46 (27-49)

374

67

1.00

69

1.00

 Q2: 50 (49-51)

374

64

0.89 (0.59-1.36)

74

0.98 (0.67-1.45)

 Q3: 53 (51-54)

368

80

0.91 (0.61-1.37)

94

1.07 (0.73-1.56)

 Q4: 57 (54-71)

374

77

0.82 (0.54-1.26)

81

0.78 (0.52-1.18)

 P-trendc

  

0.42

 

0.33

 Per 10 unit/day increment

  

0.81 (0.58-1.12)

 

0.83 (0.61-1.13)

Glycemic Load (median, range)b

     

 Q1: 95 (21-105)

373

74

1.00

82

1.00

 Q2: 113 (105-120)

375

77

1.03 (0.69-1.54)

100

1.15 (0.80-1.65)

 Q3: 126 (120-135)

371

77

0.88 (0.59-1.31)

68

0.75 (0.51-1.11)

 Q4: 146 (135-259)

371

60

0.73 (0.48-1.13)

68

0.72 (0.49-1.08)

 P-trendc

  

0.12

 

0.03

 Per 50 unit/day increment

  

0.83 (0.60-1.16)

 

0.78 (0.57-1.07)

Carbohydrate (g/day) (median, range)b

     

 Q1: 196 (94-212)

372

79

1.00

87

1.00

 Q2: 224 (212-235)

375

82

1.14 (0.77-1.68)

97

1.21 (0.84-1.73)

 Q3: 245 (235-256)

374

69

0.90 (0.59-1.38)

76

0.95 (0.64-1.40)

 Q4: 273 (256-438)

369

58

0.79 (0.49-1.25)

58

0.75 (0.48-1.16)

 P-trendc

  

0.21

 

0.13

 Per 50 g/day increment

  

0.94 (0.74-1.21)

 

0.87 (0.69-1.09)

Starch (g/day) (median, range)b

     

 Q1: 74 (31-85)

372

85

1.00

90

1.00

 Q2: 93 (85-100)

374

73

1.00 (0.68-1.49)

79

0.90 (0.62-1.31)

 Q3: 107 (100-116)

372

66

0.89 (0.59-1.33)

84

0.99 (0.69-1.43)

 Q4: 128 (116-249)

372

64

0.80 (0.53-1.21)

65

0.71 (0.48-1.06)

 P-trendc

  

0.25

 

0.17

 Per 50 g/day increment

  

0.85 (0.63-1.16)

 

0.86 (0.64-1.14)

Total sugars (g/day) (median, range)b

     

 Q1: 90 (25-106)

374

74

1.00

97

1.00

 Q2: 116 (106-126)

371

71

1.10 (0.73-1.67)

84

1.01 (0.69-1.46)

 Q3: 136 (126-148)

374

68

1.18 (0.76-1.84)

67

0.90 (0.60-1.34)

 Q4: 168 (148-395)

371

75

1.22 (0.77-1.92)

70

0.88 (0.58-1.35)

 P-trendc

  

0.38

 

0.47

 Per 50 g/day increment

  

1.08 (0.85-1.36)

 

1.01 (0.81-1.27)

Fiber (g/day) (median, range)b

     

 Q1: 21 (7-25)

371

106

1.00

122

1.00

 Q2: 28 (25-30)

374

77

0.78 (0.54-1.14)

99

0.91 (0.65-1.27)

 Q3: 33 (30-36)

372

58

0.63 (0.41-0.95)

68

0.63 (0.43-0.91)

 Q4: 41 (36-74)

373

47

0.49 (0.31-0.77)

36

0.34 (0.21-0.54)

 P-trendc

  

0.001

 

<.0001

 Per 10 g/day increment

  

0.72 (0.59-0.87)

 

0.63 (0.53-0.76)

  1. aMultivariable Model: adjusted for age, sex, education, BMI, smoking (pack years), physical activity, lifetime mean alcohol intake, acid reflux symptoms in last 10 years, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use, presence of diabetes, total fruit intake (except for fiber intake), red meat, processed meat, and total energy.
  2. bSex-specific quartile cut-off points are: glycemic index 47, 50, 53 for women and 49, 52, 55 for men; glycemic load 102, 117, 132 for women and 106, 121, 136 for men; carbohydrate 215, 237, 259 for women and 211, 234, 255 for men; starch 85, 100, 114 for women and 85, 100, 117 for men; sugar 115, 132, 151 for women and 102, 123, 145 for men; fiber 27, 32, 39 for women and 24, 29, 35 for men.
  3. c Likelihood ratio test for trend across dietary variables quartiles by using an ordinal variable coded as the median value of the quartile.
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BMC Cancer

ISSN: 1471-2407

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