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Table 3 The association between thyroid function/autoimmunity biomarkers and thyroid cancer risk, stratified by sex, BMI, smoking status, and the duration of follow-up a

From: Biomarkers of thyroid function and autoimmunity for predicting high-risk groups of thyroid cancer: a nested case–control study

 

Sex

BMI (kg/m2)

Smoking

Follow-up duration

 

Men

Women

<23

≥23

Non-smoker

Former/Current smoker

< 3 years

≥3 years

Controls/Cases

77/77

180/180

125/95

132/162

147/158

80/70

97/171

160/86

TT3 (ng/mL)

        

  <1.2

1.0(ref)

1.0(ref)

1.0(ref)

1.0(ref)

1.0(ref)

1.0(ref)

1.0(ref)

1.0(ref)

  1.2 - <1.4

1.66(0.68 - 4.04)

1.08(0.67 - 1.75)

1.16(0.63 - 2.15)

1.18(0.67 - 2.08)

0.92(0.55 - 1.54)

2.07(0.85 - 5.02)

1.81(1.03 - 3.20)*

0.93(0.47 - 1.83)

  ≥1.4

1.56(0.61 - 4.00)

1.22(0.69 - 2.14)

0.93(0.43 - 2.00)

1.50(0.81 - 2.78)

0.80(0.43 - 1.51)

1.97(0.80 - 4.89)

2.51(1.21 - 5.22)*

1.10(0.53 - 2.25)

FT4 (ng/dL)

        

  <1.25

1.0(ref)

1.0(ref)

1.0(ref)

1.0(ref)

1.0(ref)

1.0(ref)

1.0(ref)

1.0(ref)

  1.25 - <1.39

0.65(0.23 - 1.80)

1.19(0.71 - 2.00)

1.37(0.62 - 2.89)

0.91(0.51 - 1.64)

0.82(0.46 - 1.46)

1.05(0.42 - 2.66)

1.58(0.84 - 2.97)

0.73(0.36 - 1.46)

  ≥1.39

1.44(0.53 - 3.88)

1.76(1.06 - 2.92)*

2.52(1.28 - 4.96)*

1.43(0.78 - 2.60)

1.46(0.83 - 2.56)

1.85(0.77 - 4.41)

3.01(1.57 - 5.77)*

1.10(0.57 - 2.10)

TSH (μIU/mL)

        

  <1.36

1.0(ref)

1.0(ref)

1.0(ref)

1.0(ref)

1.0(ref)

1.0(ref)

1.0(ref)

1.0(ref)

  1.36 - <2.5

2.31(1.06 - 5.02)*

1.58(0.92 - 2.72)

1.16(0.59 - 2.29)

2.31(1.30 - 4.13)*

1.71(0.95 - 3.09)

2.44(1.14 - 5.24)*

2.07(1.11 - 3.88)*

1.57(0.80 - 3.06)

  ≥2.5

1.97(0.76 - 5.08)

1.16(0.68 - 1.97)

0.96(0.49 - 1.89)

1.82(0.98 - 3.37)

1.23(0.68 - 2.22)

1.33(0.53 - 3.38)

1.36(0.72 - 2.59)

1.41(0.70 - 2.83)

Tg (ng/mL)b

        

  0 - <3.9

1.0(ref)

1.0(ref)

1.0(ref)

1.0(ref)

1.0(ref)

1.0(ref)

1.0(ref)

1.0(ref)

  3.9 - <7

1.09(0.46 - 2.57)

0.93(0.52 - 1.66)

1.09(0.52 - 2.30)

0.95(0.52 - 1.77)

0.77(0.41 - 1.43)

1.16(0.48 - 2.79)

1.75(0.87 - 3.52)

0.65(0.32 - 1.33)

  ≥7

2.98(1.23 - 7.17)*

1.08(0.63 - 1.83)

1.09(0.55 - 2.14)

1.89(1.02 - 3.49)*

0.98(0.55 - 1.75)

2.52(1.05 - 6.03)*

1.80(0.96 - 3.36)

1.06(0.54 - 2.10)

TgAb (IU/mL)c

        

  <20

1.0(ref)

1.0(ref)

1.0(ref)

1.0(ref)

1.0(ref)

1.0(ref)

1.0(ref)

1.0(ref)

  20 - <60

1.77(0.31 - 10.20)

1.56(0.77 - 3.19)

1.92(0.77 - 4.79)

1.27(0.50 - 3.26)

1.54(0.71 - 3.33)

1.33(0.28 - 6.26)

1.25(0.55 - 2.83)

1.17(0.35 - 3.89)

  ≥60

0.25(0.03 - 2.22)

1.31(0.71 - 2.41)

1.16(0.49 - 2.77)

1.11(0.52 - 2.37)

1.14(0.53 - 2.47)

1.07(0.30 - 3.79)

1.67(0.71 - 3.92)

0.77(0.32 - 1.87)

TPOAb (IU/mL)c

        

  <30

1.0(ref)

1.0(ref)

1.0(ref)

1.0(ref)

1.0(ref)

1.0(ref)

1.0(ref)

1.0(ref)

  30 - <60

5.59(2.57 - 12.16)*

10.67(6.03 - 18.88)*

8.77(4.30 - 17.86)*

8.40(4.62 - 15.24)*

10.96(5.85 - 20.53)*

4.97(2.31 - 10.69)*

6.10(3.10 - 11.67)*

14.75(2.36 - 29.56)*

  ≥60

3.89(1.05 - 14.41)*

4.60(2.50 - 8.46)*

4.43(1.95 - 10.04)*

4.41(2.10 - 9.26)*

3.52(1.78 - 6.96)*

6.35(1.80 - 22.41)*

4.54(2.10 - 9.84)*

4.32(1.77 - 10.52)*

  1. Abbreviations: BMI, Body mass index; CI, Confidence interval; OR, Odds ratio; TT3, Total triiodothyronine; FT4, Free thyroxine; TSH, Thyroid-stimulating hormone; Tg, thyroglobulin; TgAb, Anti-thyroglobulin antibody; TPOAb, Anti-thyroperoxidase antibody.
  2. aData were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression models which were adjusted for age, sex, BMI, and smoking; bAnalyzed only for TgAb-negative subjects; cThe detection limits used were 20 IU/mL for TgAb and 30 IU/mL for TPOAb.
  3. * P <0.05.