Figure 2

Expression of Syndecan-1 protein in human bladder tissue. a) Representative staining of benign bladder epithelium (left) and cancerous bladder (right) showing membranous staining of epithelial cells. b) Representative staining of low-grade bladder cancer (left) and high-grade bladder cancer (right). High-grade cancers were noted to have cytoplasmic staining while losing their membranous staining. c) Representative staining of low pathologic stage (pTa) bladder cancer (left) and high pathologic stage (pT2) bladder cancer (right). All images were captured at 400× magnification. Column bar graphs illustrate the population of subjects with SDC-1 membrane staining and SDC-1 cytoplasmic staining in (d) benign bladder epithelium vs. non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) vs. muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), (e) low-grade tumor vs. high-grade tumor and (f), Ta-1 tumor vs. T2-4 tumor.