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Table 5 Potential predictors of cells with copy number variations (CNVs) in urine from 1,575 tumor-free men

From: Chromosomal alterations in exfoliated urothelial cells from bladder cancer cases and healthy men: a prospective screening study

   

CNV > 2 Chromosome 3

CNV > 2 Chromosome 7

CNV > 2 Chromosome 17

CNV < 2 9p21

CNV > 2 of chromosome 3, 7 or 17 or CNV < 2 at 9p21

  

Reference

exp β ^ (95% CI)a

exp β ^ (95% CI)a

exp β ^ (95% CI)a

exp β ^ (95% CI)a

exp β ^ (95% CI)a

Creatinine

< 0.5 g/L

≥ 0.5 g/L

1.69 (1.31 – 2.18)

1.73 (1.35 – 2.23)

1.53 (1.18 – 1.97)

1.40 (1.12 – 1.74)

1.58 (1.34 – 1.86)

Leukocytes b

Present

None or tracesb

0.95 (0.58 – 1.56)

0.94 (0.58 – 1.52)

0.88 (0.52 – 1.48)

0.78 (0.52 – 1.16)

0.85 (0.62 – 1.17)

Haematuria b

Present

None or tracesb

0.78 (0.59 – 1.04)

0.78 (0.59 – 1.02)

0.75 (0.56 – 0.99)

0.99 (0.80 – 1.24)

0.89 (0.75 – 1.05)

Age (years)

50 – <60

<50

1.54 (1.11 – 2.13)

1.57 (1.14 – 2.15)

1.50 (1.10 – 2.06)

1.22 (0.95 – 1.56)

1.30 (1.06 – 1.59)

 

60 – <70

<50

1.24 (0.92 – 1.67)

1.26 (0.95 – 1.68)

1.37 (1.02 – 1.82)

1.21 (0.97 – 1.50)

1.20 (1.00 – 1.43)

 

≥ 70

<50

1.45 (1.04 – 2.03)

1.55 (1.11 – 2.16)

1.74 (1.23 – 2.45)

1.24 (0.93 – 1.66)

1.31 (1.06 – 1.62)

Smoking

Ever

Never

1.26 (0.98 – 1.62)

1.27 (0.99 – 1.64)

1.33 (1.05 – 1.70)

1.11 (0.92 – 1.34)

1.14 (0.97 – 1.32)

  1. aEffect estimates as factors from a generalized estimating equations model with built-in Poisson distribution.
  2. bNone or traces if ≤5 cells per visual field microscopically and dipstick testing negative or <5 leukocytes.