Figure 4

Effects of insulin on AKT and ERK phosphorylation and cell viability in PANC1 cells. Phosphorylated AKT and ERK were measured in PANC1 cell cultures treated with the indicated concentrations of insulin for 5 minutes (A, B) and 24 hours (C, D) (n =7-12). (E, F) PANC1 cellular viability was also assessed by XTT at 24 hours or 5 days of incubation, and expressed as fold change in mean absorbance treatment relative to control (n =5-6). Insulin was not added in these studies (G) PANC1 cell proliferation measured after 24 hours using BrdU (n =6) Insulin was not added. (H) PANC1 cell death measured by propidium iodide incorporation after 48 hours (n =5). Insulin was not added. (I) Cleaved caspase 3 was measured after 24 hours (n =5). (A-F, H-I) Two-tail paired sample t-test were performed. *Represents statistical significance of p < 0.05 when compared to control (0 nM Insulin). # in Figure 4F denotes statistical significance between 200 nM IGF1 and 200 nM insulin when two-tailed paired sample t-test was performed.